句子：请附寄一张你最近照的护照相片。
误译：Please enclose a passport photograph that you have taken recently.
正译：Please enclose a passport photograph of yourself， which has been taken recently.
解释：to take a photograph 的意思是“给人照相”。而a photograph that you have taken recently的意思是“一张你最近给别人照的相片，而不是你自己的相片”。
“照片”或“相片”可以译为photograph， photo， snapshot， snap或picture。其中snapshot和snap，尤其指“快照”。
“给人或物照相”有两种表达方法。一是 to photograph sb / sth，强调“照相”的动作。二是 to take a photograph / photo / snapshot / snap / picture of sb / sth，说明“照了一张”。例如：这位妈妈给她的婴儿拍照。The mother photographed her baby.
“让人拍照”，用 to have one’s photograph / photo / picture taken表示。例如：昨天我在颐和园让人给我照了一张相片。Yesterday I had a picture taken in the Summer Palace.
“自拍”，用to have / get oneself photographed表示。而“集体合影”用 to have a group photo taken 表示。例如：他在家门口自拍照片。He had himself photographed in front of his house. 这些毕业生在离校前集体合影留念。The graduates had a group photo taken as a memento before they left school.
请比较下列句子。注意汉语的意思是模糊的，在英语中可以有不同的译法：他讨厌(给人或物) 照相。
1) He hates / detests photographing.
2) He hates / detests taking photographs.
他讨厌(被人) 照相。He hates / detests being photographed
甩手不管
句子：工作还没有干完，你不能甩手不管。
误译：As the work is not completed yet， you can't swing your hands and ignore it.
正译：1) As the work is not completed yet， you can't wash your hands of
it. 2) As you haven't finished your work， you can't refuse to take any more responsibility for it.
解释：这句话的“甩手”不是原义“前后摆动手”的意思，而是比喻意义，即“扔下工作或事情，不管不问”。“甩”还可以构成中国文化独有的说法，具有喻义，例如：1. 他一甩袖子，就走了。Flinging up his sleeve in impatience， he walked off.
“甩”的第一个意思是“摆动、挥动或抡动身体部位或物件”。英语可以用 to throw， to swing， to fling表示。例如：
2. 他一甩手，说：“我不干了！” With a swing of his hand， he said， "I won't do it any more!"
3. 这匹马不停地甩尾巴以驱赶苍蝇。The horse kept swinging its tail to drive away the flies.
“甩”的第二个意思是“抛出或扔出物件”。英语用 to throw， to fling表示。例如：
4. 他把一个空瓶子甩出窗外。He threw an empty bottle out of the window.
“甩”的第三个意思是“抛开或摆脱人或物，不再与其接触”。英语用to leave sb behind， to throw off， to cast off表示。例如：5. 让我们等他一下吧，别把他一个人甩在后面。Let's wait for him awhile， and not leave him behind alone. 6. 他把女朋友甩了。
1) He cast off his girlfriend capriciously / unfeelingly.
2) He jilted his girlfriend.
3) He gave his girlfriend the brushoff.
7. 这个地下工作者把盯梢的特务甩掉了。The underground worker threw off the spy who had been tailing him.
8. 她甩掉了思想包袱。She abandoned her mental burden.
蹭吃蹭喝
句子：他老是从我们这里蹭吃蹭喝。
误译：He is always eating and drinking freely from us.
正译：1) He is always getting free meals from us. 2) He is always scrounging free meals off us.
解释：“蹭吃蹭喝”是“白吃白喝”的意思，即to get a free meal。但是freely 是“自由地”的意思，而free才有“不花钱”的意思。“蹭”的第一个意思是“在粗糙表面或锋利物体上擦过，造成擦伤或摩擦”。英语可以用to rub off, to scratch, to grind表示。例如：
1. 他把胳膊的皮蹭破了。He had the skin rubbed off his arm.
2. 小心，别蹭车！ Be careful not to scratch your car!
3. 他在磨刀石上蹭刀。He ground his knife on a grindstone.
“蹭”的第二个意思是“擦过易附着的粉状或油状物而沾上”。英语用to be smeared with表示。例如：4. 小心，别蹭油漆！1) Be careful not to get yourself smeared with paint!
2) Mind the fresh paint!
“蹭”的第三个意思是“不花钱、不付出劳动或任何代价而白白得到某物”。英语用to get sth free of charge, to scrounge sth off / from sb表示。例如：5. 昨晚我在舅舅家蹭了一顿饭。Yesterday evening, I scrounged a free meal at my uncle's home.
“蹭”的第四个意思是“慢吞吞地行动或挪动”，也可以说成“磨蹭”或“磨磨蹭蹭”。 英语用to move slowly, to dawdle, to inch one's way forward 表示。例如：6. 你走得这么慢，什么时候才能蹭到学校？ When will you be able to get to school if you drag along like this?7. 你这样磨蹭，哪辈子才能干完？ When will you ever be able to finish the work if you go on dawdling like this?8. 别磨蹭了！咱们要迟到了！Stop dawdling! We're going to be late!
举手之劳
原句：举手之劳，何足挂齿。
误译：Lifting a finger is not worth mentioning.
正译：It was just a slight effort, and not worth mentioning.
解释：“举手之劳”比喻“做轻而易举的事相助”。英语的to lift / raise a finger / hand，表示“举起一个指头或一只手”的字面意义。这句译文的意思显然不妥。to lift / raise a finger / hand to help，表示to make any effort to help when necessary，才有“尽举手之劳相助”的意思，常用于否定句。例如：这个男孩连尽举手之劳帮助做家务活的事都从来不做。The boy never lifts a finger to help around the house.
“举手”和“抬手”可以译为 to raise one's hand(s) , to lift one's hand(s) , to put up one's hand(s) 。例如：他抬手轻柔地敲门。He lifted his hand and rapped gently on the door.
“举手”的第一个功能是引起别人注意。例如：我很快地举手，但是老师叫了另外的人。I quickly raised my hand, but the teacher called someone else.
第二个功能是表示致敬。例如：他把右手举到右眉，将手持平，行了举手礼。He raised his right hand to the right eyebrow and held it flat, offering a hand salute.
第三个功能是示意提问。例如：他举手提问了他的那个迫切的问题。He raised his hand and asked the burning question he had.
第四个功能是用于表决。例如：委员会全体委员参加了举手表决。All the members on the committee participated in the hand vote.
第五个功能是表示投降。例如：这个敌兵举手投降。The enemy soldier put his hands up and surrendered.