情感与理智

 

                                     1
    人是情感动物，也是理智动物，二者不可缺一。
    在人类一切事业中，情感都是原动力，而理智则有时是制动器，有时是执行者。或者说，情感提供原材料，理智则做出取舍，进行加工。世上决不存在单凭理智就能够成就的事业。
    所以，无论哪一领域的天才，都必是具有某种强烈情感的人。区别只在于，由于理智加工程度和方式的不同，对那作为原材料的情感，我们从其产品上或者容易认出，或者不容易认出罢了。

 

                                      2
    情感和理智是一对合作伙伴，如同一切合作伙伴一样，它们之间可能发生冲突。有几种不同情况。
    其一，两者都弱，冲突也就弱，其表现是平庸。
    其二，双方力量对比悬殊，情感强烈而理智薄弱，或理智发达而情感贫乏。在这两种情形下，冲突都不会严重，因为一方稳占支配地位。这样的人可能一事无成，也可能成为杰出的偏才。
    其三，两者皆强，因而冲突异常激烈。然而，倘若深邃的理智终于能驾御磅礴的情感，从最激烈的冲突中便能产生最伟大的成就。这就是大天才的情形。

 

                                       3
    通常认为，理性和情感是两种不同的心理能力，它们各在其位，各司其职。一般来说，理性还往往被看作高级的能力，享有真理在握的荣誉，而作为低级能力的情感则被看作对真理的干扰。因此，历来理性一直被视为学术研究的基础，而情感则最多只能成为艺术表现的对象。然而，事实上，人的心灵生活原是一种混沌，理性与情感的划分只具有十分相对的意义。

 

                                       4
    柏拉图把人的心灵划分为理性、意志、情感三个部分，并断定它们的地位由高及低，判然有别，呈现一种等级关系。自他以后，以理性为人性中的最高级部分遂成西方哲学的正统见解。后来也有人试图打破这一正统见解，例如把情感（卢梭）或者意志（费希特）提举为人性之冠，但是，基本思路仍是将理性、意志、情感三者加以排队，在其中选举一个统帅。
    能否有另一种思路呢？譬如说，我们也许可以这样来看：在这三者之间并无高低之分，而对其中的每一者又可做出高低的划分。让我来尝试一下——
    理性有高低之别。低级理性即科学理性、逻辑、康德所说的知性，是对事物知识的追求，高级理性即哲学理性、形而上学、康德所说的理性，是对世界根本道理的追求。
    意志有高低之别。低级意志是生物性的本能、欲望、冲动，归根到底是他律，高级意志则是对生物本能的支配和超越，是在信仰引导下的精神性的修炼，归根到底是自律。
    情感有高低之别。低级情感是一己的恩怨悲欢，高级情感是与宇宙众生息息相通的大爱和大慈悲。
    按照这一思路，人性实际上被分成了两个部分，一是低级部分，包括生物意志、日常情感和科学理性，一是高级部分，包括道德意志、宗教情感和哲学理性。简言之，就是兽性和神性，经验和超验。丝毫没有新颖之处！我只是想说明，此种划分是比知、情、意的划分更为本质的，而真正的精神生活必定是融知、情、意为一体的。

Section one

 

Human is a animal not only of sensitive but also intellectual both of which are inseprable.

Amid every affair of human,affection is the mover while sometimes intellect stands for a driver or executor.In other owrds,affection provides raw material and intellect makes choices for initiating processing.Over the world it's impossible to acquire success simplely by intellect.

So the genius within the areas whatever must be a man possesses some kind of strong feelings.The only difference lies in whether we shall recognize the feelings as raw material from the products or not for the sake of different extent and methods used by intellect.

 

Section two

 

Feelings and intellect are partners similiar to others where may emerge conflicts between them.It is divided into several conditons:

Firstly,both are weak so as the conflict that show mediocre.

Secondly,there are strong disproportion among them,feeling is strong and intellect is reverse or the opposite condition.Under the two circumstances,the conflicts aren't serious for one side own the ruling position thus this kind of man maybe indifferent or become excellent talented person.

 

Section three

 

The commonpoint is that feelings and intellect are different psychological ability both of which hold severally place and do respectively work.Generally speaking,intellect is usually regarded as advanced ability enjoying the repution of grasping the truth,while the feeling is an obstruction for the truth.Therefore,historically, intellect is always regarded as a basement of academic research whereas the emotion is the object manifested by art at most.However,in fact,the life of soul for mankind is originally in chaos so that it merely has quite reluctant mean for the demarcation between emotion and reason.

 

Section four

 

Plato divies the soul of human into three parts of intellect,will and feelings of which the positions are judged from inferior to high and be obviously different from each other that representing a hierarchical relationship. After his death,the oponion that claiming the intellect as the highest portion is classical,therein a few people try to break down the very classical viewpoint such as regarding sentiment(Rousseau) or will(Fichte) as the crown of humanity while the basic thinking is to reorder the three parts of intellect,will and feelings among which voting for a leader.

Any another threads?For instance,we can consider in another light:It's equal among the three parts otherwise search each one in the forms of inferior and advanced.Let's have a trial-

Intellect is separated into inferior and advanced.The former announced as sensitivity by Kant namely scientific intellect and logic is a pursuit of objective knowledge while the reverse claimed as intellect by Kant namely philosophic intellect and metaphysics is a pursuit of the ultimate truth of the world.

Will is separated as above.The inferior aspect consists of the biological instinct,desire and impulse is heteronomy after all,the opposite one which dominates and surpasses the biobocial instinct is a spiritful exercise under the guide of faith and it's self-discipline in the end.

The same as Sentiment. The inferior represents the feelings of happy and sorrow within oneself,on the contrast the high is the universal love and mercy tightly connected to the cosmic livings.

 

Following this way,the humanity was divided into two parts the inferior one involves biological minds,common feelings and scientific intellect whilst the other high one contain moral will,religious affections and philosophic intellect.Briefly speaking,they are animality and divinity,transcendental and transcendent without any creative idea.What i only to point out is that this kind of partition is more essential than the partition of knowledge,feelings and will nevertheless the real spiritual life must hold together with knowledge,sentiment and mind.