原文: Top 10 People Made Famous By Their Deaths

Andy Warhol once said that every man would have 15 minutes of fame - unfortunately for the 10 people on this list, that fame came at a high price - their life. These are people who would undoubtedly prefer to have lived without fame than lose their lives to achieve immortality in history.

Pasqualino Antonio “Leno” LaBianca and his wife Rosemary LaBianca were victims of the Manson Family murders famously known as the Tate LaBianca murders. Charles Manson, the leader of the Manson “family,” orchestrated the murders for the sake of Helter Skelter, an apocalyptic war he believed would arise from tension over racial relations between blacks and whites. The four “family” members who had participated in the Tate murders, Charles “Tex” Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel and Linda Kasabian, were again summoned by Manson along with Leslie Van Houten and Steve Grogan aka Clem Tufts. Manson ordered Kasabian to cruise the neighborhoods of Los Angeles, in search of potential victims, before settling on the home of the LaBiancas.

Sometime during the early morning hours of August 10, 1969, Manson family members entered the LaBianca house and murdered the couple. The girls wrote messages in Leno’s blood. “Death to pigs” and “Rise” were written on the living room wall, and “Healter Skelter” [sic] was written on the refrigerator. After the murders, the family members remained at the house. Some ate food from the LaBianca’s refrigerator, played with the couple’s dogs and showered before hitchhiking back to the Spahn Ranch.

Mary Jo Kopechne was an American teacher, secretary and administrator, who died in a car accident in Chappaquiddick Island while being driven by United States Senator Ted Kennedy. On July 18, 1969, Kopechne attended a party on Chappaquiddick Island, off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, held in honor of the “Boiler Room Girls.” This affectionate name was given to the six young women who had been vital to the late Robert Kennedy’s presidential campaign and who had subsequently closed up his files and campaign office after his assassination.

Kopechne left the party at 11:15 p.m. with Kennedy after he allegedly offered to drive her to catch the last ferry back to the Katama Shores Motor Inn in Edgartown where she was staying. Kennedy stated, on his way to the ferry crossing back to Edgartown, that he accidentally turned right onto Dike Road - a dirt road - instead of bearing sharply left on Main Street. After proceeding one-half mile, he descended a hill and came upon a narrow bridge set obliquely to the unlit road. Kennedy drove the 1967 Oldsmobile Delmont 88 belonging to him, off the side of Dyke Bridge, and the car overturned into Poucha Pond. Kennedy extricated himself from the submerged car but Kopechne died.

J. D. Tippit was a police officer with the Dallas, Texas Police Department who, according to numerous witnesses and multiple government investigations including the Warren Commission, was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald after Tippit stopped Oswald following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

At approximately 1:11–1:14 p.m. on the day of the assassination, Tippit was driving slowly in an easterly direction on East 10th Street in Oak Cliff. Tippit pulled up alongside Oswald, who was walking in the same direction. Oswald then walked over to Tippit’s car, and apparently exchanged words with him. Tippit opened the door on the left side and started to walk around the front of his car. As he reached the front wheel on the driver’s side, Oswald drew a revolver and fired several shots in rapid succession, hitting Tippit three times in the chest. He then walked up to Tippit’s fallen body and shot him directly in the head, killing him instantly.

John Morrison Birch was an American Military Intelligence Officer and a Baptist Missionary in World War II who was shot by armed supporters of the Communist Party of China. Some politically conservative groups within the United States consider him to be a martyr and the first victim of the Cold War. The John Birch Society, formed thirteen years after his death, is named in honor of him.

Birch is known today mainly by the society that bears his name. His name is on the bronze plaque of a World War II monument at the top of Coleman Hill Park overlooking downtown Macon, along with the names of other Macon men who lost their lives while serving in the military. Birch has a plaque on the sanctuary of the First Southern Methodist Church of Macon, which was built on land given by his family, purchased with the money John sent home monthly. Pictured above is Robert Welch, chief organizer of the John Birch society.

Edward Donald Slovik was a private in the United States Army during World War II and the only American soldier to be executed for desertion since the American Civil War. Although over twenty-one thousand soldiers were given varying sentences for desertion during World War II—including forty-nine death sentences—only Slovik’s death sentence was carried out. Slovik was charged with desertion to avoid hazardous duty and court martialed on November 11, 1944. The prosecutor, Captain John Green, presented witnesses to whom Slovik had stated his intention to “run away.” The defense counsel, Captain Edward Woods, announced that Slovik had elected not to testify. The nine officers of the court found Slovik guilty and sentenced him to death.

On December 9, Slovik wrote a letter to the Supreme Allied commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, pleading for clemency. However, desertion had become a problem, and Eisenhower confirmed the execution order on December 23. The execution by firing squad was carried out at 10:04 a.m. on January 31, 1945, near the village of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. Slovik was twenty-four years old.

Horst Ludwig Wessel (October 9, 1907 – February 23, 1930) was a German Nazi activist who was made a posthumous hero of the Nazi movement following his violent murder in 1930. He was the author of the lyrics to the song “Die Fahne hoch” (”Raise High the Flag”), usually known as Horst-Wessel-Lied (”the Horst Wessel Song”), which became the Nazi Party anthem and Germany’s official co-national anthem from 1933 to 1945. The song was banned along with all other Nazi symbols in 1945, and both the lyrics and tune remain illegal in Germany to this day. The clip above shows the song being sung at the Nuremberg Congress.

John Luther “Casey” Jones was an American railroad engineer from Jackson, Tennessee who worked for the Illinois Central Railroad (IC). On April 30, 1900 he alone was killed when his passenger train collided with a stopped freight train at Vaughan, Mississippi on a foggy and rainy night. His dramatic death trying to stop his train and save lives made him a railroad icon who became immortalized in a popular ballad sung by his friend Wallace Saunders, an African American engine wiper for the IC. Due to the enduring popularity of this classic song, he has been the world’s most famous railroad engineer for over a century.

was one of five people killed in the Boston Massacre in Boston, Massachusetts. He has been frequently named as the first martyr of the American Revolution and is the only person killed in the Boston Massacre whose name is commonly remembered. Although little is known for certain about Attucks, including his ethnicity, the possibility that he was African American or Native American has elevated him to an important symbolic status in U.S. history.

In the early 19th century, as the Abolitionist movement gained momentum in Boston, Attucks was lauded as an example of a black American who played a heroic role in the history of the United States. Because Crispus Attucks may also have had Wampanoag Indian ancestors, his story also holds special significance for many Native Americans.

James Bulger was the victim of abduction and murder. His killers were two 10-year-old boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson. The murder took place in Merseyside, England. James disappeared from the New Strand Shopping Centre, where he had been with his mother Denise, on 12 February 1993 and his mutilated body was found on a railway line at Bootle on 14 February. As the circumstances surrounding the death became clear, tabloid newspapers compared the killers with Myra Hindley and Ian Brady who had committed the Moors Murders during the 1960s. They denounced the people who had seen Bulger but not realized the trouble he was in. The railway embankment upon which his body had been discovered was flooded with hundreds of bunches of flowers.

Nathan Hale was an officer for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Widely considered America’s first spy, he volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission, but was captured by the British. He is best remembered for his speech before being hanged following the Battle of Long Island, in which he reportedly said, “I only regret that I have but one life to give my country.” Hale has long been considered an American hero and, in 1985, he was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut.

This article is licensed under the GFDL because it contains quotations from Wikipedia.

译文: 10位因他们的死而闻名于世的人物

       安迪·沃霍尔曾经说过，每个人都会有名扬四海的15分钟，可是这里要提到的这10个人却很不幸，因为他们的闻名于世需要付出高昂的代价——他们的生命。我相信这些人肯定更愿意默默无闻的活着，而不愿失去自己的生命去换来永垂千古的名声。

       斯奎利诺·安东尼奥·莱诺·拉比安卡和他的妻子罗斯玛丽·拉比安卡是“曼森家族谋杀案”的受害者，这就是著名的“塔特拉比安卡谋杀案”。 查尔斯·曼森是“曼森家族”的领导者，为了“终极计划”（Helter Skelter）策划了谋杀案，他相信黑人和白人种族之间的紧张局势会引起一场世界末日般的战争。查尔斯·沃森、苏珊·阿特金斯、帕特丽夏Krenwinkel和琳达·卡萨比恩这四个“曼森家族”的成员在参与了“塔特拉比安卡谋杀案”后，又与莱斯利·范·豪尔顿和史蒂夫·格洛刚·安康·克莱姆·塔夫斯他们一起被曼森召集到一块。在选定拉比安卡的住宅为目标前，曼森命令卡萨比恩巡游到洛杉矶邻域去寻找潜在的受害者。

       1969年8月10日的那个早上，“曼森家族”的成员闯进拉比安卡的家里并把拉比安卡夫妇杀死。女孩们用莱诺的血在起居室的墙上写着“猪猡们去死吧”和“起义”，在冰箱上写着“旋转滑梯”［代码］。谋杀那对夫妇后，凶手们还继续留在房子里。在回斯帕恩农场前，他们吃房子里冰箱的食物，还与拉比安卡夫妇养的狗一起玩。

9 玛丽·乔·科佩奇尼（1940.7.26-1969.7.18）

       玛丽·乔·科佩奇尼是一名美国教师、秘书和行政官员，在查帕圭迪克岛上死于一场车祸，当时是美国参议员特德·肯尼迪开的车。1969年7月18日，科佩奇尼去参加在查帕圭迪克岛（马萨诸塞州马撒葡萄园岛沿海的一个岛屿）上举行的聚会，是为了庆祝一个新称号“锅炉房女孩 ”而举办的，而荣获此亲切称号的6个年轻妇女在罗伯特·肯尼迪（被暗杀后，他的文件被封、竞选办公室被关）的总统竞选后期起到了重要的作用。

       依肯尼迪后来的申述，科佩奇尼是在晚上11:15离开聚会的，然后他开车送她去搭最后一艘回卡塔玛海滨汽车旅馆（在埃德加镇，科佩奇尼暂时住的地方）的渡轮。肯尼迪说，在过境埃德加镇时，他本想急剧左转向主干街道的，但是错右转向堤路（一条土路）。前进半英里后，车从山冈上冲到一座通向无路灯的路的倾斜又狭窄的桥上。当时肯尼迪开的是他的那辆1967年产的奥兹莫比尔- Delmont 88轿车，车冲出堤桥的一侧后，最后翻倒在Poucha池塘里。肯尼迪自己从沉没在水里的车里脱身出来，但科佩奇尼不幸遇害。

8 J D Tippit（1924.9.18-1963.11.22）

       J. D. Tippit是美国得克萨斯州达拉斯警察局的一名警察，根据众多目击者和多个政府调查组（包括华伦委员会）的陈述，他是在阻止李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德暗杀约翰·肯尼迪总统时被奥斯瓦尔德枪杀死的。

      暗杀那天下午大约1:11-1:14，Tippit正慢慢开车从东南方向驶向橡树岩的东十街。当Tippit的车正好停在也正走向同一个方向的奥斯瓦尔德的旁边时，奥斯瓦尔德走过他的车并明显地与他争吵起来。Tippit随即打开左车门下来走到他的车前面，当他正走到司机位置的前轮时，奥斯瓦尔德马上掏出一把左轮手枪朝他连开了几枪，结果Tippit的胸部中了3枪。奥斯瓦尔德跑向倒下的Tippit并直接对着他的头部开了枪，这致命的一枪使Tippit当场死亡。

7 约翰·伯奇（1918.5.8－1945.8.25）

       约翰·莫里森·伯奇是一名美国军事情报官员，在第二次世界大战中还是一名浸信会的传教士，被中国共产党的武装支持者打死。美国的一些政治保守团体认为他是一位烈士和冷战中的第一个牺牲者。去世13年后，一个为纪念他而命名为“约翰·伯奇”的协会成立。

       伯奇这个名字如今仍被人们所记住，是因为他的名字同其他在战争中失去生命的梅肯战士一起被刻在能俯瞰梅肯市中心的科尔曼山公园里的二战纪念碑青铜牌匾上。梅肯市的“首届南方卫理公会教堂”里的一处庇护所里有一块伯奇的匾，是他的家人用他每月寄回来的钱建的。最上面的图像是罗伯特·威尔茨，他是“约翰·伯奇协会”的创始人。

6 爱德华·斯洛维克（1920.2.18-1945.1.31）

      爱德华·唐纳德·斯洛维克是第二次世界大战期间的美国陆军士兵，也是美国内战中惟一一个被处决的逃兵，。虽然在第二次世界大战期间有超过2.1万的逃兵被处予不同的刑罚，包括49个死刑判决，但最终只有斯洛维克的死刑判决被执行。1944年11月11日，斯洛维克因逃避危险的职务被军事法庭起诉。起诉人约翰•格林上校作为证人代表指控斯洛维克曾说过他打算“逃跑”。他的辩护律师爱德华•伍兹上校宣告斯洛维克选择不作证，最后法院的9位官员宣布斯洛维克有罪并判处死刑。

      12月9日，斯洛维克给盟军最高指挥官艾森豪威尔将军写了一封信，请求他宽大处理。但是，逃跑现象已成为一个严重的问题，所以艾森豪威尔下令12月23日执行枪决。1945年1月31日上午10时04分，行刑队在圣玛丽-欧米讷村的附近执行了这个任务。斯洛维克死时为24岁。

5 霍斯特·韦塞尔（1907.10.9-1930.2.23）

        霍斯特·路德维格·韦塞尔（1907.10.9-1930.2.23）是一名德国纳粹活动家，在1930年的纳粹运动中暴死后被追授为“英雄”称号。他制作了歌曲《Die Fahne hoch》（即《高举旗帜》），现在通常被当作是《霍斯特·韦塞尔之歌》，在1933年到1945年期间这首歌曾作为纳粹党国歌和德国官方的共同国歌。1945年，这首歌和任何其他纳粹标志的东西被取缔，至今这首歌的歌词和曲调在德国仍是不合法的。以上的电影片段展出的就是在纽伦堡大会上演唱这首歌的情景。

4 凯西·琼斯（1863.3.14-1900.4.30）

      约翰·卢瑟·凯西·琼斯是一名美国铁路工程师，他是杰克逊（美国田纳西州一城市）人，在伊利诺斯州中央铁路公司（IC）工作。1900年4月30日，在那个雾气朦胧又下着雨的晚上，他的客车与停留在密西西比州(美国州名) 沃恩的货运车相撞，而只有他死于这次事故中。他戏剧性的死亡是因为他把自己变成了铁路图标去警告机长立刻停下前进的列车以保证车上的乘客安全，一个同在IC当火车机车擦拭者的非裔美国朋友华莱士·桑德斯把他这一壮举作为一首流行民谣来传唱着，所以他的死得以名垂千古。

3 克里斯普斯·阿塔克斯（1723－1770.3.5）

      他是波士顿(美国马萨诸塞州首府) 大屠杀中5个被害者中的一个。他常常被认为是美国独立战争的第一位烈士，也是唯一一个在波士顿大屠杀中被害但到现在仍普通被记得的人。虽然对阿塔克斯知之甚少，包括他的种族划分（可能是非裔美国人或美国原住民），但他的形象已在美国的历史上提升到一个重要的象征性地位上了。

      19世纪早期，正值波士顿的废除奴隶运动势头强劲，阿塔克斯被称赞为在美国历史上扮演了英雄角色的黑人代表。因为克里斯普斯·阿塔克斯的祖先可能是万帕诺亚格印第安人，所以他的事迹对许多美国土著居民来说具有特殊的意义。

2 詹姆士·布格（1990.3.16-1993.2.12）

       詹姆士·布格是一起诱拐和谋杀案中的受害者。杀害他的是两个10岁的小男孩乔恩·维纳布尔斯和罗伯特·汤普森。这一案件发生在英国的默西塞德郡。1993年2月12日，詹姆士和他妈妈丹尼斯在新东街购物中心逛街，之后便失踪了，直到2月14日，他被肢解的尸体才在布特尔的铁路里被发现。随着他的死因被查明后，各小报纷纷把那两个小凶手与20世纪60年代那两个制造了“摩尔谋杀案”的迈拉·希德莉和伊恩·布雷迪相比较。人们指责那些当时已看到布格却不知道他被诱拐了的人。发现他尸体的铁路路堤上放满了许许多多的鲜花。

1 内森·黑尔（1755.6.6-1776.9.22）

      内森·黑尔是美国独立战争期间美国陆军的一名军官。人们普遍认为他是美国的第一个间谍，他自愿接受了一个情报收集任务，但最后被英国人捉到。最著名的是他在战役的长岛上被绞刑前发表的演讲，在那次演讲中他说道：“我唯一感到遗憾的是我没有第二条命献给我的祖国。”长期以来，黑尔一直被当成美国人的英雄，并在1985年，他被正式命为康涅狄格州的英雄。

本文引用了维基百科全书，但已被授予自由文档许可证。