原文: Chengdu J-10（1）

       The Chengdu J-10 (traditional Chinese: 殲十; simplified Chinese: 歼十; pinyin: Jiān Shí, meaning "Annihilator (Fighter) Ten") is a multirole fighter aircraft designed and produced by the People's Republic of China's Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation (CAC) with considerable foreign technological input for the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). Known in the West as the "Vigorous Dragon",[3] the J-10 is designed to be equally useful in both the fighter and light bomber roles and is optimized for all-weather day/night operation.

The J-10 next-generation fighter program remained a top-secret classified project until December 29th 2006, when the Xinhua News Agency officially disclosed its active duty status with the PLAAF.

        The program was originally backed by the Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping, who authorized half a billion Renminbi to develop an indigenous aircraft, but the official program did not start until several years later in January 1986 when the Chinese government officially issued Project #10,[1] to develop a fighter to counter new fourth generation fighters then being introduced by the USSR (namely, the MiG-29 and Su-27). The 611th Institute, also known as Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute was tasked as the main developer, with Mr. Song Wencong, the chief designer of J-7III assigned as the chief designer, and Mr. Xue Chishou (薛炽寿) as the chief engineer. Initially designed as a specialized fighter, it was later remade into a multirole aircraft capable of both air to air combat and ground attack missions. However, a Chinese magazine (zh:少年科学画报, ISSN1000-7776) published in June 1979 showed a boy holding a model of J-10.[4] The picture showed that the project began long before 1979.

       Although the existence of J-10 has long been reported both inside and outside of China, the Chinese government did not officially admit so until January 2007, when the first photographs of the J-10 were allowed to be published to the public by the Xinhua News Agency. Having been designed under such secrecy, before its official disclosure, many details of the J-10 were subject to much speculation. One rumored version of the J-10 development history is: the first flight of the J-10 took place sometime in 1996, then the program suffered a major delay due to a fatal accident which occurred in 1997, and then a redesigned prototype flew in 1998, resuming flight testing of the aircraft.[citation needed] (There is evidence, albeit inconclusive, that only one prototype was flying; the other was a ground static testbed. Hence, no crash occurred.)[citation needed]

       However, the rumored crash has been openly denied by the government of China after the official governmental acknowledgment of the existence of the J-10: on 2007-01-15, both the Xinhua News Agency and the PLA Daily have claimed/reported the accomplishments of one of the test pilots of the J-10, Mr. Li Zhonghua (李中华), and, in these reports, one of the accomplishments quoted was that there was not a single crash since the project began. According to Chinese media reports, the first plane, "J-10 01", rolled out in November 1997, and the first flight of "J-10 01" was on 1998-03-23.[1] No incident has been reported.[5] After 18 years in development, the J-10 finally entered service in 2004.[1][6]

       The aircraft made its successful maiden flight on March 23, 1998, flown by test pilot Mr. Lei Qiang (雷強), lasting twenty minutes. Another test pilot Mr. Li Zhonghua (李中华) test flew the prototype for its aerodynamic performance that lasted till early December, 2003, during which aerial refueling tests were also successfully completed. In these aerodynamic tests, the aircraft was pushed beyond its parameters of the original design and it was discovered that the aircraft could easily withstand the greater requirements. The last part of the test flight was the live round air-to-air missiles test firing, which lasted from December 21, 2003 to December 25, 2003, which was completed by test pilot Mr. Xu Yongling (徐勇凌). The aircraft were first delivered to the 13th Test Regiment on 2003-02-23. The aircraft was given the status 'operational' in December of the same year. The first operational regiment was the 131th Regiment of the 44th Division. It is rumored that a regiment of the 3rd Division has also J-10s.

       The most frequently mentioned potential J-10 export customer is the Pakistan Air Force (PAF); in April 2006, the media reported that the Pakistani government intends to procure at least 36 J-10s (designated FC-20 or FC-10, depending on the report). The Business Recorder claims that the Pakistani official document it obtained said the Cabinet "has allowed PAF to set up Joint Working Group (JWG) with CATIC for procurement of 36 FC-20 aircraft". Other media reports cited Pakistan Information Minister Sheikh Rashid (at that time) saying that the Cabinet has approved the purchase of J-10s from China, in addition to JF-17s.On [[2007-03-31, Pakistan Air Force Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Mahmood Ahmed said, "PAF would soon induct fourth and fifth generation high-tech fleet of fighter-bomber aircraft with the aim to modernize the country's air force which includes the induction of 2 squadrons of Chengdu J-10 aircraft."The J-10 export deal is estimated to cost a total of $1.5 billion USD, with a flyaway price of $41 million USD for each J-10 fighter with maintenance and parts inclusive.

       It was reported by Jane's Defence Weekly on 2006-01-09 that a more advanced version of the J-10 is planned, referred to as the Super-10, with a more powerful engine, thrust-vector control, stronger airframe and passive phased-array radar.

译文: 成都 歼-10 （1）

      成都歼10是一种多用途战斗机（繁体汉字写为：殲十；简体汉字写为：歼10；拼音写为：Jiān Shí；其含义为“歼灭者（ 战斗机）10号”），在国外关键航空技术输入的帮助下，由中华人民共和国成都飞机工业集团（英文简称CAC）为人民解放军空军设计并制造。歼-10在西方的绰号为“猛龙”，其被设计成为一种在战斗机和轻型攻击机的角色上均能胜任、并且被优化成为能执行全天候任务的战斗机。

     作为中国的下一代战斗机项目，歼-10保持着高度机密直到2006年12月29日：新华社与空军一道以官方的角度揭秘了歼-10的现役状态。

型号：多用途战斗机

制造商：成都飞机工业集团

设计商：成都飞机设计院

首飞时间：1998年3月23日

首次介绍：2005年

使用状况：在役

主要用户：人民解放军空军/巴基斯坦空军

生产状况：2003年至今

具体产量：80～100架（到2008年1月为止）

项目花费：在1982年投入5亿元人民币，相当于2800万美元（按照2008年的外汇比率计算）

单价：4100万美元（出口型，包含零部件及后勤维护价格）

源自：成都”歼-9“项目

      J-10项目最初要追溯到邓小平时代。中国前最高领导人邓小平，他批准了5亿人民币的资金来发展本国战斗机。但是直到许多年以后，中国政府官方才在1986年1月才启动歼-10项目，来发展一款战斗机以对抗苏联所的第四代战斗机（即米格-29和苏-27）。611研究所，也就是成都飞机设计院作为总设计商接受了这项任务。宋文聪，曾是歼7Ⅲ型战斗机的总设计师，被委任为歼-10项目的总设计师；薛炽寿被委任为项目的总工程师；最初歼-10被设计为专门的制空战斗机，后来其被重新定义为在空战和对地攻击任务中都能胜任的多用途战斗机。然而，中国的一个杂志《少年科学画报》在1979年7月的出版物中展示了一张一个小男孩拿着一个歼-10模型的照片，这说明了在1979年以前就开始了。

     尽管在国内外歼10的存在被报道了很久了，直到2007年1月，当歼-10的照片被允许由新华社刊登出来向大众展示时，中国政府才首次以官方的形式承认其的存在。由于歼-10的设计处在高度的保密之下，在官方透露之前，许多有关歼-10的细节受到了人们众多的猜测。有一个有关歼-10发展历程中的传闻：歼-10的首飞其实是在1996年的某个时候，然后整个计划的进程由于1997年发生的一次致命的飞行事故而面临着严重的推迟 。接着一个重新设计的原型机在1998年恢复了飞行测试。有证据显示（尽管不是很确定），只有一架原型机在飞行，而另外一架作为地面静态试验床（用于测试机体结构强度及风洞测试）。因此，从未有坠机事件发生。

      然而，当歼-10的存在得到官方的承认以后，中国政府给予传闻中的坠机事件给予公开的否认。2007年1月15日，新华社和解放军日报都报道了歼-10的其中一位试飞员李中华所取得的成就。在这些报道中，李中华所取得的众多成就中的其中一项被拿来引用：在整个研制过程中没有发生过一次坠机。根据中国媒体的报道，第一架歼-10（编号01）于1997年11月走下生产线并于1998年3月23日第一次试飞。期间并没有什么特别的事情报道出来。经过了18年的发展，歼-10终于在2004年进入现役。

     歼-10在1998年3月23日进行了首飞：由试飞员雷强驾驶进行了20多分钟的飞行并取得成功。另一名试飞员李中华对原型机的空气动力学的表现进行了持续的测试飞行直到2003年12月初。在这期间，空中加油的实验同样很成功的完成了。在空气动力学的测试中，歼-10的表现超越了在原设计中的各种参数，并且其被发现能很轻松的经受住更高的要求。最后一部分测试是空空导弹的实弹发射测试，从2003年12月21日一直持续到2003年12月25日，由试飞员徐勇凌完成。一些歼-10在2003年2月23日交付至空军第13试飞团，并在当年的12月份形成战斗力。第一个形成战斗力的飞行团则是空军第44师的131飞行团。也有传闻说空军第3师的一个团也装备了歼-10.

     最常被提起的潜在的歼-10国外用户是巴基斯坦空军。在2006年4月，媒体报道巴基斯坦政府计划至少购买36架歼-10（型号可能会注明为FC-20或者FC-10，这要看媒体的报道而定）。《商业记事报》声称其获得的巴基斯坦官方记载的文件说“巴基斯坦内阁已经同意巴基斯坦空军与中国航空技术进出口总公司（CATIC)建立 “联合工作组”（JWG）来采购36架FC-20。另一个媒体引用了前巴基斯坦新闻部长Sheikh Rashid的话，称除了JF-17以外，巴基斯坦内阁还同意购买歼-10。2007年3月31日，巴基斯坦空军总司令，空军上将Tanvir Mahmood Ahmed说道：“巴基斯坦空军将会很快引入第四和第五代高科技的战斗轰炸机机群来致力于国家的空军现代化，在这些机群中，包含了引进的两个中队的成都歼-10战斗机。”这笔歼-10的的交易总价值估计为15亿美元，中国以每架歼-10 4100万美元（包含零部件和后勤维护费用）这样一个优惠的价格提供给巴基斯坦。

    《简氏防务周刊》于2006年1月9日在其周刊中披露一种更先进的歼-10型号正在计划中，其代号为“超-10”。它有着矢量推力控制器、被动相控阵雷达、更强劲的发动机以及更坚固的机身。