不疯魔不成活---马克 雅克布斯的革新【纽约客】

读者: 4389    发布时间: 2008

原文: Enchanted: The transformation of Marc Jacobs

Profiles

Enchanted

The transformation of Marc Jacobs.

by Ariel Levy September 1, 2008

Jacobs in Paris: “That’s what I think everyone should aspire to in life—being shameless.” Photograph by François-Marie Banier.

Jacobs in Paris: “That’s what I think everyone should aspire to in life—being shameless.” Photograph by François-Marie Banier.

The two individuals perhaps most responsible for transforming the West Village from what it was ten years ago into what it is today are Carrie Bradshaw and Marc Jacobs. The former is a bubbly, self-involved, inordinately chic blond journalist who chronicles the lives of New York women, her own life in particular. The latter is a fashion designer who has become famous as the creator of the shoes and clothes and, most prominently, handbags worn by the women whom Carrie chronicles and the women who wish that they could be her. Carrie Bradshaw, of course, is make-believe, the protagonist of the “Sex and the City” franchise, whereas Marc Jacobs is a real person. Or he was once.

Jacobs used to be a chubby Jewish guy with long hair and glasses who made his name—and got fired—by designing a “grunge” collection (of very expensive silk shirts printed to look like flannel, and fine cashmere sweaters with the appearance of thermal underwear) in 1993, as the head of womenswear at Perry Ellis. Five years later, he was hired as the creative director of Louis Vuitton, France’s premier luxury-goods house, where he was seen as an enfant terrible, and nobody was quite sure if he would make it work. But, in the decade since Jacobs arrived at Vuitton, he has quadrupled its business and, with the company’s backing, watched his own Marc Jacobs Collection and his less expensive secondary line, Marc by Marc Jacobs, grow into a global business, with a hundred and sixty stores, in nineteen countries. You see his handbags, with their quilting and clunky hardware, on every other girl in Manhattan—like flip-flops, except that they cost thousands of dollars.

Jacobs’s physical appearance has come to reflect his success. At the age of forty-five, he is no longer remotely plump. His hair is cut short (and was, briefly, bright blue), and he has started wearing contact lenses. He looks like a cartoon superhero: muscular, bronzed, shining with diamonds. And he has accomplished the comic-book feat of transforming himself from hardworking Everyman (Bruce Banner, Clark Kent, Peter Parker) into something elevated and different and not merely human. But this is fashion, not crime-fighting, so the goal isn’t to fly or to leap tall buildings or—God forbid—become invisible. No. What one wants is to be a cultural touchstone, to represent and embody a life style, the way Karl Lagerfeld does, or Donatella Versace, or Carrie Bradshaw.

Jacobs could almost be in one of the Annie Leibovitz photographs that make up his current Louis Vuitton ad campaign. (They feature Sofia and Francis Ford Coppola relaxing in a field with a monogrammed Vuitton tote; Keith Richards playing guitar in a hotel room next to a custom case; Mikhail Gorbachev and a Vuitton satchel in the back seat of a limousine near a remnant of the Berlin Wall—all in a golden, larger-than-life light.) Almost, but not quite, because Marc Jacobs’s brand of success is unapologetically less dignified. Jacobs has twenty-eight tattoos, among them one on his left arm that says, “Bros before hos,” a phrase borrowed from pimp culture that expresses a credo of allegiance to men before women, comrades before conquests, or, as Jacobs puts it, “friends before a piece of ass.” Until recently, he had a boyfriend named Jason Preston, seventeen years his junior, who was a retired prostitute, and who had the Marc Jacobs logo tattooed in large letters up the length of his forearm. The couple issued regular updates on their romance on their respective pages on MySpace.

Jacobs’s retail domain stretches across several blocks of Bleecker Street, rendering the surrounding area a kind of Marc Jacobs theme park and, naturally, a prominent stop on “Sex and the City” bus tours, which regularly crawl along the cobblestones, shuttling young women to the Magnolia bakery to sample the cupcakes favored by Carrie. A handbag that Jacobs designed for Vuitton was so prominent in the movie that it was more a character than a prop.

All this makes Jacobs very happy. There is nothing he loves more than seeing his work woven into the culture. With the Japanese artist Takashi Murakami, he created a series of handbags featuring the stately Vuitton monogram reimagined in candy colors on a white backdrop and, more recently, interspersed with a camouflage print, which was named “monogramouflage.” The collaboration has been so successful that its biggest problem has been the frequency with which the purses are knocked off and illegally hawked on street corners. Jacobs, delighting in copying the copycats, installed faux street venders selling real bags at the opening of Murakami’s recent exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum. It was possible, that night, to buy a three-thousand-dollar handbag off a folding table from a guy in a skullcap and a sweatshirt who was being paid an hourly wage to wear that costume. Jacobs is amused by such things—things that seem like other things. His collections often include trompe-l’oeil.

Jacobs also enjoys the idea that the brand is the product being sold. (This is unusual for a fashion designer: designers tend to think of their work as art and get snippy at the suggestion that they are simply peddlers of schmattes and image.) A recent print campaign for the Marc Jacobs Collection shows Victoria Beckham, née Posh Spice, wearing Marc Jacobs clothes and sunglasses and emerging from boxes and bags that bear his name—she is a human product, wrapped.

Jacobs is a human product, too, as famous for what he means as for what he does. In market research conducted for Daisy, a perfume he was introducing (named after one of his dogs), women at a mall in the Midwest were asked if they’d heard of Marc Jacobs. Many said yes, but when they were asked who he was, they often replied “a rock star” or “an actor” rather than “a fashion designer.” Probably, they had noticed his name in a gossip column. They might have seen pictures of Jacobs smoking cigarettes at parties with celebrities. Or perhaps they’d just felt his potent commercial presence when they were riding a red bus down Bleecker Street.

译文: 不疯魔不成活---马克 雅克布斯的革新【纽约客】

Jacobs in Paris: “That’s what I think everyone should aspire to in life—being shameless.” Photograph by François-Marie Banier.

--艾利尔 莱维 2008年9月1日

雅克布斯在巴黎:“我觉得每个人都对生活应该有这样的渴望---学着厚脸皮”  摄影师弗朗斯瓦-马里 巴尼尔

关键词:

马克 雅克布斯

时尚设计师

路易威登

马克雅克布斯 系列

同性恋

马克雅克布斯子品牌马克

西村

      看来能将十年前的纽约西村改造成现在这个样子的只有两个人--凯丽.布拉德肖和马克 .克布斯。前一个是热情奔放,总掉进爱情麻烦,时髦漂亮的美女专栏作家,专门描述纽约女人特别是她自己的感情生活。后一个是时尚设计师,以设计鞋子,时装,尤其是手袋而闻名。他设计的手袋可是凯丽笔下的女人人手一个,为此其他女人恨不得自己变成她。当然,凯丽.布拉德肖是虚构的,她是电视剧“性与城市”的女主角,而马克.雅克布斯却是一个真人,或者一个曾经生活在现实中的人。

      过去雅克布斯是个有点婴儿肥的犹太小伙子,留着一头长发。1993年他在佩里艾丽斯公司任首席女装设计师,那时他因设计了一个“蹩脚”的系列出了名,当然他也因为这个系列而被炒了鱿鱼---在这个系列中他把昂贵的真丝衬衣印的像法兰绒,把精细的羊绒做成保暖内衣的模样。5年后他却被法国第一奢侈品牌路易威登聘为创意总监。在那儿他也还是个坏孩子形象, 没有人确信他会坐好这个职位。但他在路易威登的十年间,该品牌的业务翻了四倍。有路易威登做背景,马克雅克布斯更加专注于自己的品牌“马克雅克布斯系列”以及其子品牌“马克”。他的品牌遍布全球,并且在19个国家有160个专卖店。精美的珩逢,粗犷的金属配饰让马克雅克布斯的包像人字拖鞋一样风靡了整个曼哈顿,几乎每个女孩都有一个,只不过单一个包就要几千美元。

      雅克布斯的外貌恰如其分的阐释了他的成功。45岁的他身材很好,曾经一头亮蓝色的头发也剪短了,而且已经开始戴隐形眼镜。他看起来像一个漫画英雄:青铜肤色,身体强壮,浑身上下的光芒如钻石般耀眼。而他也实现了漫画英雄式的伟业:从一个勤奋工作的普通人(比如布鲁斯 .班纳,克拉克 .肯特 ,彼得 .帕克)升级成超级英雄。但这是时尚界,并需要打击罪恶,拯救世界,所以他的目标并不是飞跃高楼,或者隐形---当然上帝可不允许人这样做。他要的不是这些, 而是成为文化的试金石,展示一种生活方式并且身体力行,就像卡尔. 拉格斐尔,唐纳蒂娜 .范思哲或凯丽 .布拉德肖这些时尚弄潮儿那样。

      雅克布斯总会参与安妮.利布维兹为其拍摄的路易威登的广告照片(他们让索菲亚和她父亲弗朗西斯.福特. 科波拉以及一只花纹格子的路易威登舒适的躺在野外;基斯.理查在酒店里对着一个旅行箱弹吉他;.戈尔巴乔夫和他的路易威登坐在豪华轿车的后排,若有所思的看着残余柏林墙的--所有的图片都笼罩在一种金色的,超离现实的光线下)。然而事实并非总是这样。马克.雅克布斯自己的品牌可没有这么庄重沉稳。雅克布斯身上有28个纹身,其中在他左臂上的一个写道“兄弟先于女人”。这句话来自皮条客圈子,表达对男性的忠诚远远超过女性,友谊超过爱情,或者按照雅克布斯自己的话说“朋友永远排在漂亮妞儿之前”。直到最近,他才有了一个固定的男友杰森.普雷斯顿。杰森比他小17岁,曾经是一个男妓,他把马克雅克布斯的品牌标记纹在整个前臂上。这一对儿常常在MYSPACE 各自定期更新两人最近的浪漫事儿。

      他们只是取得的社会认可,可没有得到政治保障。

      雅克布斯的零售领域一直延伸到布里克街外的几个路段,把周围都熏染成了马克雅克布斯的主题公园。当然最有名的是“性与城市”巴士上的无声广告,那趟巴士定时慢慢悠悠的穿过铺满鹅卵石的街巷,不停的把纽约的女人带到木兰蛋糕店来品尝凯丽最爱的纸杯蛋糕。在那部电视剧里马克为威登设计的一个手袋简直太招风了,几乎成了戏里的主角而不是一个道具。

      所有这些都让马克十分得意。没什么比他的作品与时尚水乳相溶更让他高兴了。他和日本艺术家村上隆一起创造了一个新的路易威登系列--在纯白的底面上把威登庄重的交织字母的标识融进糖果色彩。最近又把这些字母标识铺散在迷彩色的底面上,并命名为“字母迷彩情”。 这种出人意料的结合大获成功,以至于现在它造成的最大的问题是撞包的频率颇高,以及在街角一不留神这种包就会被抢走。

      雅克布斯还乐于模仿仿冒者,他在村上隆最近的展览开幕式上让一个卖冒牌货的小贩在布鲁克林展览馆前专门卖他的正品。这当然可行,那天晚上在一个带无边帽穿羊毛衫的小贩手上花3000美元就可以从一个小折叠桌上拿走一个名副其实的威登包,而且这个小贩因为这样的打扮还能拿到一个小时的薪酬。雅克布斯对这种事情乐此不疲---那些事儿看起来不是那么正经。正如他的作品一样总是欲迷人眼。

      雅克布斯一直有这样的观念,品牌就是卖出去的产品。(这观念对时尚设计师来讲可是非同寻常:设计师总是认为自己的作品是艺术品,要是有人暗示他们无非是一群卖破布和形象的小贩,他们可得暴跳如雷。)马克最新一期的印刷宣传册上请来了维多利亚 贝克汉姆,她有与生俱来的漂亮、时髦、火辣,穿着马克雅克布斯的时装,带着同品牌的太阳镜,从印满马克名字的箱包中摇曳而出----这时维多利亚就是一个活生生的产品,一个被马克雅克布斯围裹的香艳的产品。

      马克雅克布斯本人也是一个活生生的产品,他的名字的含义和他的品牌一样有名。在对一款香水“戴茜”(以他的爱犬命名)进行的市场调查中,当问到在中西部的商场购物的女性是否听说过马克雅克布斯时,多数人报以肯定回答,但是当问到雅克是谁时 这些女性常常回答说“摇滚明星”“演员”而不是“时尚设计师”。这多半因为她们常常从八卦绯闻中注意到他的名字。她们也许看到马克在聚会上和名人一起吸烟,或者她们在乘坐那辆沿着布里克大街开的红色巴士时看到了他那幅让人不能忘却的广告画。