There have been many men who have achieved great successes through their military knowledge and actions. But only a select few military geniuses can truly be considered the greatest military commanders who ever lived. This is a selection of the ten greatest. If you think someone else deserves to be here, or want to have a guess at ranking 11 - 15, be sure to tell us in the comments.
Georgy Zhukov would lead the Red Army in liberating the Soviet Union from the Axis Power’s occupation and advancing through much of Eastern Europe to conquer Berlin during World War II. He is one of the most decorated heroes in the history of both Russia and the Soviet Union. After the fall of Germany, Zhukov became the first commander of the Soviet occupation zone in Germany.
Attila the Hun was the leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Central Asia to modern Germany. He was one of the most fearsome enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. Attila was well known for his cruelty. He invaded the Balkans twice and marched through Gaul.
William the Conqueror led the Norman invasion of England which was the last time that England was successfully conquered by a foreign power. His army defeated the English army at the battle of Hastings preceding his march to London. English resistance was futile as he took control of England and his reign would begin. He would make many major reforms to the traditional Anglo-Saxon culture of England and bring into existance the Anglo-Norman culture.
Hitler led Nazi Germany and the Axis Powers in occupying most of continental Europe and parts of Asia and Africa. He defeated and conquered France while holding off the U.S., British and Russians during World War II. His armies would gain numerous victories through their mastering of the military tactic; Blitzkrieg. Hitler ultimately lost the war and committed suicide.
Ghengis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire; the largest contiguous empire in history. The Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of central Asia. He achieved this through uniting many of the nomadic tribes and confederations in northeast Asia and strategically raided much of the area in China and throughout Asia. The Mongol Empire would go on to include most of Eurasia and substantial parts of Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East. Ghengis Khan waged successful campaigns against the Western Xia and Jin dynastys as well as the Khwarezmid Empire through excellent military intelligence and tactics.
Hannibal invaded the mighty Roman Empire through the Alps. He defeated the Romans in a series of battles at Trebia, Trasimene and Cannae. Never personally losing on the battlefield to the Romans, he maintained his Carthaginian army in Italy for more than a decade after the Second Punic War. He is considered one of the greatest military strategists ever, his Roman enemies even adopted some of his tactics for their own use.
Napoleon was a General during the French Revolution. He would eventually take absolute control of the French Republic as Emperor of the French. He became King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine. He reformed the government and economy of the island of Elba when he was exiled there.
Julius Caeser took absolute control of the Roman Republic and it’s armies. He defeated the optimates led by Pompey in a Civil War, and defeated the Gauls at the battle of Alecia during the Gallics Wars, led by Vercingetorix who had united them against the Romans. He was ultimately murdered by Brutus.
Alexander the Great conquered much of the known world by the age of 30. He crushed the once mighty Persian Empire, defeated the much larger army of Darius III at the battle of Issus, and influenced the spread of Hellenistic culture throughout his empire. Alexander mastered the use of the phalanx formation in his armies.
Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire through his conquering of the Median, Lydian and Neo-Babylonian Empires. His empire spanned across three continents. Unlike many others, his empire endured long after his demise due to the political infrastructure he created. He is considered by many to be equal if not greater than Alexander the Great in his accomplishments.
Notable mention: Douglas MacArthur, Ramses the Great, Robert E. Lee, Sargon the Great, Richard the Lionheart, Saladin, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Scipio Africanus, Mao Zedong
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Contributor: KGB99
译文:
十大最杰出军事指挥官
许多男人通过他们的军事学识与军事作为取得了巨大的成功。但是只有很少数的军事天才真正能被称为有史以来最杰出的军事指挥官。这里精选了10位。如果你认为还有其他人的名字应该出现在这里，或者想推测一下第11-15位是谁，请在评论中告诉我们。
10 格奥尔基·朱可夫（Georgy Zhukov）①
在二战时期，格奥尔基·朱可夫带领红军解放了轴心国侵犯下的苏联，并且席卷了东欧战胜了德国。他是俄罗斯也是苏联历史上色彩最为浓重的英雄之一。德国垮台后，朱可夫成了苏联占德国地区的第一位指挥官。
9 匈奴大帝阿提拉（Attila the Hun）②
匈奴大帝阿提拉是匈奴帝国的领袖，当时匈奴国横跨中亚至现代德国所在的地区。他是西方与东罗马帝国最闻风丧胆的敌人。阿提拉以他的凶残闻名，曾两次侵略巴尔干半岛，并挺进高卢。
8 威廉大帝（William the Conqueror）
威廉大帝带领诺尔曼人侵略了英国，这也是英国最后一次被外国势力侵占。在挺进伦敦后，他的军队在黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英军。在英国人无力的抵抗下，威廉大帝夺得英格兰，开始他的统治。他在英格兰的盎格鲁撒克逊文化下进行了些主要改革，将盎格鲁诺尔曼文化交织其中。
希特勒领导德国纳粹以及轴心国占领了大部分欧洲大陆以及部分亚洲和非洲。二战时期，他一边拖延美、英、苏三国一边征服了法国。通过他们的军事策略——闪电战，德军取得了无数胜利。希特勒最终战败并自杀身亡。
蒙古帝国曾是历史上领土面积最大的国家，而成吉思汗即为其建立者。蒙古帝国占据了将近整个中亚。他统一了游牧部落和亚洲东北地区的番邦，用谋略征服了中国部分地区以及其他亚洲国家。蒙古帝国的领土包括大部分欧亚大陆、东欧部分地区、中亚和中东地区。成吉思汗在与西夏、金朝、花剌子模帝国③的对战中都以出色的军事才能与谋略取得了胜利。
汉尼拔穿越阿尔卑斯山脉进入强大的罗马帝国。他在特拉比亚（Trebia）战役、特拉西美诺湖（Trasimene）战役和坎尼（Cannae）战役（又称康奈大战）中征服了罗马人。在他亲临的战役中，从未尝一败，他的迦太基军队在第二次布匿战争( Second Punic War)④后停留在意大利10几年之久。他被誉为最伟大的军事家战略家之一，甚至他的对手罗马人都取其战术为己所用。
4 拿破仑·波拿巴（Napoleon Bonaparte）
拿破仑，法国大革命时期将军，最终取得了法兰西共和国的统治权成了皇帝。同时他还是意大利国王、瑞士联邦仲裁者、莱茵联邦保护者。就是在他流亡厄尔巴岛时期，他还对那里的政府与经济都进行了改革。
尤里乌斯·凯撒统治着整个罗马共和国及其军队。他在内战中战胜了庞培⑤领导的元老院精英部队(optimates)，在高卢战争中的阿莱塞亚战役（battle of Alecia）中打败了维钦托利( Vercingetorix)统一领导的高卢人。凯撒最终被布鲁图(Brutus)刺死。
2 亚历山大大帝（Alexander the Great）
亚历山大大帝在30而立之际便征服了世界上许多著名国家。他击垮了一度繁荣强大的波斯帝国，在依斯战役（battle of Issus）中以少胜多大败大流士三世的军队。他使希腊文化影响了整个帝国。亚历山大大帝还把方阵战术在军队中运用得淋漓尽致。
1 居鲁士大帝（Cyrus the Great）⑥
居鲁士大帝征服了米底王国（Median Empire）、吕底亚王国（Lydian Empire）、和新巴比伦王国后，建立了波斯帝国阿契美尼德（Achaemenid）王朝。他的帝国横跨三块大陆。不同于其他帝国，在他死后，波斯帝国得益于他所建立的政治组织制度而持续了很长一段时间。即使认为他的成就不如亚历山大大帝伟大，那也可算是并驾齐驱了。
值得一提的还有：道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟（Douglas MacArthur），拉美西斯大帝（Ramses the Great，拉美西斯二世），罗伯特·李（Robert E. Lee），萨尔贡大帝（Sargon the Great），狮心王理查德，萨拉丁（Saladin），伊庇鲁斯国王皮洛士（Pyrrhus of Epirus），西皮欧·艾弗里喀纳斯（Scipio Africanus），毛泽东
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