By Colleen Hurley, RD, Certified Kids Nutrition Specialist Recent studies have been pretty harsh on TV watching for young children; finding too much has contributed to childhood obesity while particular content of the shows or movies can have negative effects on a childs behavior. A recent study suggests parents should be wary not only of what kids see and how much, but also what they hear. Even though parents may be watching TV or simply have it on just for some background noise, your little one may be hearing more than you think. Despite the fact that the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends zero screen time for children under 2 years of age and limited quality childrens programming for the following several years; 3 quarters of infants and toddlers live in homes where the TV is on all the time. Researchers from the University of Massachusetts found that leaving the TV on disrupts young children at play, even if whats playing is a grown up show. Just simply having the TV on may be detrimental a childs development. The distraction from play doesnt just mean your child is having less fun, in fact, lots of play time is crucial for a childs brain development and physical growth. The study examined 50 children aged 1, 2 and 3 who arrived at the lab with a parent and were invited to play for an hour with a variety of age-appropriate toys. For half an hour, the popular adult game show Jeopardy! was playing in the room, commercials and all; while the other half an hour the TV was turned off. The children were observed by researchers as a means of determining whether background TV affected a childs playtime. Background TV was defined as adult-oriented television that may be watched by older family members, but that little kids dont understand and typically do not pay attention to. Background TV was indeed found to disrupt the play of all 3 ages in the study. When the television was on, the toddlers played for significantly shorter periods of time with shorter amounts of focused play time than when the TV was off. Even though the children did not necessarily look at the TV, they were more frequently switching toys when the television was on. Researchers conclude that parents should limit the amount of their childs exposure to background television, as a lot of TV time may have a cumulative effect on child development. The TV acts as a constant, ever-changing audiovisual distracter, disrupting a childs efforts to remain attentive to their playtime activities. Resource: Society for Research in Child Development (2008, July 15). Parents Should Limit Young Children's Exposure To Background TV.
译文:
宝宝成长-----马萨诸塞州立大学研究发现,父母应该限制婴幼儿暴露于电视机前.
科琳赫尔利.RD 资深儿童营养学家
最近的研究发现，看电视给小孩子造成的问题已经相当严峻；很大程度上造成了儿童肥胖，一些特定内容的节目或电影更是对小孩的行为有负面影响。最近的一项研究建议，父母不仅应该警惕小孩看的内容和时间，也应该预防他们听的东西。
即使只有父母在看电视或根本只是开着电视，有一些声音，你的小家伙听到的却远远比你想象的要多。尽管美国儿科学会（AAP）建议2岁以下的小孩不该有任何电视时间，2岁以后的那几年，那些有质量的儿童节目也应该有所限制，但是，3/4的婴幼儿所在家庭的电视却是一直打开的。
马萨诸塞州大学的研究人员发现，打开的电视机会打断小孩子的玩耍，即使正在播放的是成年人的节目。即便只是开着电视也可能会有损儿童的发展。玩耍注意力的分散不仅仅意味着你孩子乐趣的减少，事实上，足够的游戏时间对小孩的身心发育是至关重要的
这个研究调查了50位年龄1，2，3岁的儿童，他们都由父母陪同来到实验室并被邀请用各种适龄玩具玩了一个小时。在前半个小时时，很受欢迎的成人游戏Jeopardy!一直在房间里播放，还有广告片和其他所有的东西。而另外半个小时里，电视关掉了。研究人员通过观察这些小孩，看电视的背景是否会影响小孩的游戏时间。
背景电视过去被认为是以成人为中心的，他们的观众是家里的大龄成员，而家里的小孩子看不懂也不会注意到它。在研究中发现，电视确实影响了三个年龄层小孩的玩耍。当电视打开时，小孩花在玩的时间明显要比电视关掉后的短，注意力也没那么集中。即使小孩不一定看电视，但是，当电视打开时，他们更频繁的交换玩具。研究人员得出结论，父母应该限制小孩接触电视的时间，因为过多的这些时间也许会对小孩的发展有长远影响。电视做为一个连续的，不断变化的视听媒介，会吸引小孩的注意力，中断他们对自己游戏活动的关注。
来源：儿童发展研究学会(2008年7月15日)。<<父母应限制婴幼儿暴露于电视机前>>。