A Startling Gap ( Learn from Indian entreupreneurs II)

读者: 249    发布时间: 2008

原文: 不比不知道(向印度企业家学习之二)

一房:

印度这么个种族矛盾泛滥\贫穷落后的国家,居然培养出这么多优秀的企业和企业家.

王石:
为何与印度比 ?一些网友不以为然。

以先进的东西为标准,寻找差距并找到改进的方法是国人已经习惯了思维定势。自然,美国成为中国对比差距的的主要对象。以美国为参照对象有很多好处,但同时存在着缺陷。比如中美两国在人文、政治、经济、历史等方面的差异相之大,许多来自美国的经验在中国往往“水土不服”。

与中国热衷于中美对比所不同的是,在国际社会中,中国的处于南亚次大陆的印度在各个方面同中国比较类似,有更多相似性,将中国与印度两国放在一起进行对比更有借鉴意义。

对印度金融市场进行认真考察的中国学者郭励弘博士得出如下的结论:印度金融市场较中国发达/完善。

印度资本市场的体系建设和市场建设非常完善,资本市场的效率和透明度较高,市场机制为印度私营企业的发展提供了很好的基础。得益于完善的资本市场体系支持,印度国企的私有化速度比中国快得多。而且公开化、透明度与社会公平等方面都好于中国。

印度有多层次的23个股票市场体系的存在,整个市场机制完善,经济启动后,如果经济发展到一定水平,资本市场对经济发展的资源配置与产业提升作用会显现出来。印度的高科技风险投资位居亚洲第2位,远远超越中国。这些投资集中于信息技术和生物技术产业,在2002年福布斯评选的世界最佳200家小企业中,共有13家印度企业,中国只有4家。

中国虽然经济总量发展很快,但非常缺乏能与大型跨国公司抗衡的世界级私营企业。相反,印度的多层次股票市场机制创造了一批堪与欧美大公司竞争、从事最尖端的知识型产业的企业,如软件业巨头Infosys和Wipro制药与生物技术公司Ranbaxy和Dr.Reddy''sLabs等。

政治、司法系统的基本健全使印度拥有一个更利于本土私营企业发展的商业环境。国际上一个流传的说法是这样来形容中印差别:“中国虽然暂时赢得了世界工厂的称号,但印度更有条件成为世界的高科技实验室。”

译文: A Startling Gap ( Learn from Indian entreupreneurs II)

Yifang:
     As a country plagued by rampant racism and widespread poverty, it is amazing that India has produced so many extradinary businesses and entreupreneurs.
 
Wangshi:
     Why shall we compare with India? Some netizens may sniff at the idea .
     Chinese people are often inclined to make comparision with the advanced countries, find the gap and then think up improving measures to catch up. Naturally. the U.S. has always been used as a yardstick in comparision. There are many benefits to do so. Nevetheless, due to the great variances in the culture, economy, history etc. between the two countries, there are also deficiencies to do so. Many experiences borrowed from the U.S. tend to be ineffective in China.  
     Different from that China-US comparision, there are many more similarities shared by China and  India, the subcontinent South Asian country. Comparing China with India is more provocative than the China-US comparision.    
    "India has a more develeoped or comprehensive financial market than China", concluded by Mr. Guo Hongli, a Chinese Ph.D and scholar, after an extensive field investigation into the Indian financial market. 
     India's capital market is well-developed, highly efficient and more transparent. It boasts soundness in institutional structure and market development. Market mechanism provides a good basis for development of private businesses in India. Thanks to support from a sound capital market system, state-owned businesses in India surpass their Chinese counterparts in privatization speed and there are more fairness, tranparency and social just in the Indian economy.
      India's muti-level stock market system comprises 23 stock exchanges. Once the economic engine is started and the economic development reach a certain level, capital market will serve as an important impetus for resources allocation and indutrial upgrade. India attracted second largest high-tech venture capital in Aisa, with China lagging far behind. Many of these investment are channeled into information industry and bio-technological industry. In the year 2002, while 13 Indian businesses have been selected as the 200 best small enterprises by Forbes, only 4 small businesses from China enter enter the 200 best club.
     Although China's aggregate economy is developing at fast speed, there are very few world-class private enterprises that can compete with large transnational companies. In contrast, the multi-level stock market mechanism in India gave rise to a large group of knowledge-based enterprises that can compete with big European and US enterprises. For instance, infosys and Wipro in software industry, Ranbaxy and Dr. Reddy's Labs  in phamaceutical and biotechnology.
     Furthermore, a basically sound political and legal system creates a business climate conducive to development of private enterprises. Internationally, there is a popular saying describing differences between the development of China and India : while China may be the world factory for the time being,India is more poised to be the world high-tech lab.