1、拿杯子喝水
交给孩子塑胶或压克力的杯子,让孩子自己学习拿住杯子喝水。
2、走路 孩子扶着东西移步、独自站立到迈出步伐走路,代表着他的世界理加扩大且丰富了。所以宝宝学会走路后,每次出门尽量让他自己走路,避免抱或是坐手推车。上下楼梯也尽量让他自己爬。
3、自己吃饭 对孩子而言,自己吃饭不仅仅是吃而已,还是一件新奇、好玩的事。有些父母担心孩子弄脏地板,衣服而自己喂孩子吃饭,剥夺了孩子练习的机会;其实让孩子学会自己喂食,比桌椅、地面整齐清洁要来得重要,父母可在地面、桌上铺些纸或布,减少清理的麻烦,也可在他身边,抓住宝宝的手引导他练习。
4、自己洗手 你可以给孩子示范你洗手的过程,让孩子学习并加以联系。
5、如厕训练 平时可安排孩子坐在马桶上几分钟,让他习惯坐马桶这件事,提醒孩子要大小便时要告诉父母。刚开始孩子表示要大小便时,多半都已来不及了,对孩子的失误,切勿责骂、处罚;当孩子学会上厕所动作时,给他肯定、鼓励,让孩子感觉上厕所是件愉快的事情。
6、穿脱衣服、鞋子 孩子到了二岁左右,喜欢自己穿脱衣服、鞋子,为孩子准备容易穿脱的衣和鞋,如扣子简单的上衣、有松紧带的裤子或裙子、粘贴式的鞋子等,并教导孩子简单的步骤。
7、刷牙 可从带宝宝一起购买牙刷开始。平时舆洗用品应放在孩子容易拿到的地方,刚开始大人可抓住孩子的手教导,上列牙齿由上往下的方向,下列牙齿由下往上,里外都一样。接着漱口,然后以毛巾擦干、完成动作,并将用具归放到原位。
8、折叠衣服 收下来的衣服可以让孩子一起帮忙折叠。孩子折好的衣服,放在抽屉后,别忘了称赞他,孩子将会越做越好。
9、收拾玩具 平时可在家中——固定地方,放玩具的置物箱或适当置物处,作为玩具的家。当孩子玩好玩具时,刚开始可牵引着孩子至玩具存放处,告诉孩子“玩具要回家”了,让孩子将玩具放回玩具的家中,养成物归原处的好习惯。当孩子完成后,记得给以正面以及肯定的鼓励。
10、以语言表达 孩子还小时,会用拉、抱、指或发出其他声音的方式表达需求,到了一岁以后,父母应鼓励孩子多用语言表达需求,提供练习说话的机会。父母可示范说出完整的句子,当孩子能以语文表达需求,而父母也给以适切的互动时,孩子的哭闹次数就会随之减少。当然,适度给以鼓励,仍是必要的。
父母在教导孩子的过程中,应注意:
a、大人教导孩子时,应先示范给孩子看,而较复杂的动作,则应分段示范,以便让孩子看清楚应该如何做。
b、分段示范时,动作应缓慢。
c、鼓励孩子反复练习。
d、任何练习在开始时,难免会因为不熟练,而出现一片混乱的情况,耐心教导孩子,勿剥夺他学习的机会。
译文:
Ten living skills that babies must learn
1. Holding cups to drink water
Hand children plastic or acrylic cups and let them learn to hold cups to drink water by himself.
2. Walking
That children's supporting with hand to things to move his step, standing by himself to stride steps to walk, represents that his world enlarges and enriches. Therefore, after the baby learns walking, every time he is away from home, try to let him walk by himself, he should be avoided being held in the arm or sitting on handcart, when going upstairs and downstairs, try to let him creep by himself.
3. Dinning by his own
For children, eating by himself is not just eating, but also a novel and amused thing. Some parents worry that children will dirty the floor and clothes, they deprive of the chance for children learning. Actually, that making children learn to feed himself is more important than that of the floor keeps clean. Parents may spread some paper or cloth to reduce the clean-up trouble. Also they can stay with children and hold his hands to guide him learning.
4. Washing hands by himself
You can demonstrate the hand-washing processes to children and let children learn and try to combine it.
5. Toliet sitting training
At usual time, you can arrange the children to sit on closestool for several minutes, get him be used to this thing. Remind children of telling parents when they relieve themselves. At the beginning, when the children show they want to relieve themselves, it's probably too late. Please don't scold and punish the children becuase of their misply. When children have learned to toliet, you should affirm and encourage him. Get the children feel tolieting is an amused thing.
6. Put on or put off clothes and shoes
When children grow to about two years old, they like to put on or put off clothes and shoes by themselves. Prepare an easy putting on or putting off clothes and shoes for children, such as jacketing that has simple button, trousers or skirts that have elastic or stickable shoes and so on, and guide children the simple process.
7. Brushing teeth
It can start from taking baby together to go buying toothbrush. Usually, washing products should be put at the place where children can easy fetch from. At the beginning, parents should hold children's hand to guide him. The upper low of teeth should follow the direction from up to down, and the below low teeth should follow the direction from down to up. Then gargle, after it rub it dry with towel to complete the action and put tackles back to the original place.
8. Replicating clothes
Clothes collected can make children help to replicate together. After the replicated clothes are put into the drawer, don't forget to acclaim him, children will do it better and better.
9. Tidying toys
At usual time, you can fix a place at hom, the box putting toys or suitable setting place, as a home of toys. When children have played with toys, at the beginning, you can lead children to the putting place of toys, and tell him "toys will go back home", make children put toys back to the home of toys, keep the good habit of things going back to original place. When children has completed, remember to give him obverse and positive encouragement.
10. Express in language
When children are young, they will express their demands with ways ot pulling, embracing, pointing or making out other voices. When they are one year old, parents should encourage children to use more language to express demands, provide him the chance of practicing speaking. Parents should demonstrate a whole sentence, when children can express their demands in language and parents can give suitable interactive, crying times of children's will be reduce. Of course, moderately give him encouragement is still necessary.
In course of parents teaching the children, they should pay attention to:
a. Parents teaching the children should first demonstrate to the children. Complicated action should be demonstrated by subsection, so that children can clearly watch how they should do.
b. When demonstrating by subsection, actions should be slow.
c. Encourage children to repeatly practice it.
d. Any practice at the beginning is hard to avoid to appear some disordered situations. Teach children patiently, don't deprive him of the learning chance.