If the world wants to do something about global warming then we need to change more than just how we live, we need to change what we live in. There is endemic negligence and a multiplicity of inadequacies with regards sustainable living in our current mainstream architectural design practices. This lack of an environmentally-conscious approach to construction is evident in the huge contribution to the warming of our planet made by buildings.
It therefore stands to reason that if we really are serious about protecting the environment (and ultimately ourselves) then we must build green in the future, and ideally retrofit current structures with greener functionality. Here is a mixture of 15 current, in-construction and planned green architectural treasures from around the world. They all have one thing in common: sustainability.
Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park, New York
Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park: When it comes to green architecture they don’t get much greener than the Bank of America Tower in New York. This $1 billion, 54 storey, 1,200 foot tall tower will house 2.1 million square foot of office space. Cook + Fox designed the tower to be extremely efficient so that waste and rainwater is reused, heat from the sun is maximised and office space is flushed with natural daylight. Most of the raw materials used in the construction of the tower are from renewable and recycled sources within 500 miles of New York in line with the ideology of sustainable building practice. It should come as no surprise therefore that this tower has been accredited with US LEED Platinum status, the only skyscraper with the reward at the time of writing.
India Tower, Mumbai
India Tower: When first announced many commentators reacted with aghast to the renders of India Tower claiming it looked more like a stack of misaligned boxes than an intelligently designed building. I know there are similar towers around the world but I still quite like the India Tower, if only because it symbolises an environmental awareness in the world’s second most populous country. India Tower will be 74 storeys tall with 882,000 square foot of multi-use space when completed in 2010. Each rotated block in the tower will have a completely different use, ie. residential, office, retail, recreation etc. The design incorporates the use of solar shading, natural ventilation, daylighting, rainwater harvesting, and green interior finishes and materials to make this one of the greenest buildings in India. The India Tower has already achieved the US LEED Gold rating.
Residence Antilia, Mumbai
Residence Antilia: Believe it or not but this 70 storey, 803 foot tall tower is going to be the home for a single family, that of Indian property mogul Mukesh Ambani. The tower has been designed by Perkins + Will using traditional Vastu design, which means this will be the tallest living wall when completed and act as a large carbon sink in the heart of Mumbai. Not all of the floors will be occupied, some are going to be used exclusively as gardens in the sky. According to Vastu philosophy the central column of the building will angle upwards to symbolise enlightenment. The design is certainly innovative and should add at least some weight behind the whole idea of rooftop gardens and inner city farms that seems to be gaining some well-deserved traction.
Burj al-Taqa, UAE
Burj al-Taqa: Well it had to happen: it just wouldn’t be a post about green architectural and innovative construction without a mention of one of the emirates. The Burj al-Taqa is a totally self-sufficient office tower to be constructed in Dubai, Bahrain and Riyadh that will use wind, solar and water to produce all necessary energy with zero emissions. Designed by Gerber Architekten the 68 story “Energy Tower’ (as the name translates) will have an air conditioning system based on Iranian wind towers to draw air inside that gets pre-cooled with seawater before distribution round the tower. There will also be a 200 foot tall wind turbine with a Darrieus-type rotor on the roof of the 1,056 foot tall tower. The wind turbine will be accompanied by 2 rooftop solar arrays with another floating array offshore to augment power generation. If this building does prove to be totally carbon neutral when completed it will help usher in a new generation of super-green buildings.
San Francisco Civic Tower, SF
San Francisco Civic Tower: After a long time on the drawing board, the City of San Francisco finally gave the green light (no pun intended) to the 12 storey Civic Tower. The building incorporates a plethora of green design features including integrated solar panels on the building exterior and rooftop, a raised floor ventilation system, chilled ceilings, light shelves to increase the penetration of natural daylight into the workspace. In order to improve the quality of life for the workers KMD Architects also designed greenhouses on each floor. These features combined will help the Civic Tower consume 20% less power than required by Californian environmental law, which is why it has been accredited with a US LEED Silver rating. Admittedly not the coolest building, but a sign of things to come.
Masdar, Abu Dhabi
Masdar: Even the largest of green projects pale in comparison with the sheer scale and ambition of the Masdar Initiative. This 64,583,462 square foot development takes environmental design to a whole new level. Foster + Partners were commissioned for this mixed use, high density new walled city which promises zero emissions and no waste. Inhabitants in Masdar will never be any further than 200 meters from some form of public transport or personalised rapid transit, which will be useful considering the city will be car free. Carefully positioned wind turbines, solar arrays and plantations mean Masdar will be completely self sustaining. Awesome.
Khanty Mansiysk Tower, Siberia
Khanty Mansiysk: This 917 foot tall tower in Khanty Mansiysk is designed by Foster + Partners to be a multi use living and workspace capable of withstanding the hot and cold extremes of the Siberian climate. In the renderings provided it looks like a diamond on the hill thanks to the faceted glass Foster has used to maximise penetration of natural daylight, increase solar gain, provide insulation in winter and decrease the power needed for artificial lighting. OK, we’re Foaster fanboys … but who isn’t?
Crystal Island, Moscow
Crystal Island: OK, we know, it is another Foster project. But this one is more equal than others for Crystal Island will be the largest building in the world when completed. Crystal Island’s vital statistics are, well, huge. The volcano-shaped superstructure will be 1,500 foot tall with 26,909,776 foot squared of floor space, that’s enough room to house 30,000 people. As you would expect from a Foster + Partners project, the self-contained city within a city has energy conservation and eco-friendly energy management at the very heart of the design. Crystal Island will generate low carbon energy from solar arrays and wind turbines located on the building with vast atriums to regulate the internal air temperature during the extremes of the Russian summer and winter.
Transbay Tower, SF
Transbay Tower: The 1,200 foot tall obelisk-shaped Transbay Tower is set to joint the Transamerica Building and the Golden Gate Bridge as one of the most iconic structures in San Francisco. A new Transbay bus terminal will be constructed from glass with a rooftop park to absorb the C02 from buses. Transbay Tower will have wind turbines located on the roof, intelligent ventilation of 100% fresh air, lightshelves to control lighting and reduce energy demand, solid exterior panels near the floor to remove undesirable solar gain as well as sunshades to allow for solar control. This is a thoughtfully designed green building, we especially like the use of rooftop turbines.
CH2, Melbourne
CH2: Located in the center of Melbourne, the 10 storey Council House 2 aka CH2 is a United Nations award-winning building with sustainable design and energy efficiency at heart. It took AUD$50 million to construct CH2 but it has paid dividends in terms of the recognition it has bestowed on Melbourne. CH2 was the first purpose built office building in Australia to achieve the six Green Star certified rating. It ticks just about every box you can imagine: thermal mass cooling, photovoltaic cells, wind turbines, sewage recycling, chilled ceilings and an amazing tapestry of photovoltaic-powered recycled wooden louvers that track the sun and promote a healthier internal environment. The City of Melbourne expect these green features to pay for themselves inside 10 years, but the real benefit for the city has been the prestige heaped on them from around the world. There’s a message in there.
30 The Bond, Sydney
30 The Bond: When Lend Lease decided to move their headquarters to Sydney they consulted their staff with regards their priorities for the building. As a consequence Lend Lease came up with a design brief that put an emphasis on an improved internal environment, better water management, waste management, fewer emissions and pollutants. 30 The Bond has achieved a 5 star ABGR rating (the equivalent of Gold LEED) by using chilled beans for cooling, individually operated external shades to manage heat and solar gain, wintergarden rooms and rooftop gardens with drought resistant plants that increase biodiversity. Lend Lease say that 30 The Bond emits 30% less CO2 that a typical office building.
Cor, Miami
Cor: If ever there was an example of strikingly beautiful sustainable architectural design, this is it! Cor is a mixed use 25 storey tower in Miami’s design district costing $25 million to build and due for completion in 2009. Much of the expenditure will go towards the integration of photovoltaic panels, wind turbines and solar hot water generation with the innovative structural design. Cor’s exoskeleton will provide structural integrity, thermal mass for insulation, enclosure for terraces, armatures for turbines, shading for natural cooling and loggias for congregating on the ground. This unique exoskelton will enclose 20,100 square foot of office space, 5,400 square foot of retail units and 113 residential units.
BMW Welt, Munich
BMW Welt: The BMW Welt in Munich is one of the finest examples to date of German engineering at it’s best. The standout feature of the 785,000 square foot BMW Welt is without doubt the 157 foot wide Double Cone, which provides support for the roof (in a rather stunning manner). On the roof of the building there is a large photovoltaic array, also made in Germany by Solarwatt, to produce a minimum of 824kWp. The designers also installed a network of steel panels on the roof that helps to heat the building via solar gain. Solar gain is also encouraged through the materials on the external facade of the structure. It is somewhat ironic that a car manufacturer should spend so much on a building project like this, but if this is in any way demonstrative of where BMW are going with their vehicles then there is hope.
DuBiotech, Dubai
DuBiotech: Set amidst the skyscraper-sprawl that is modern Dubai, the new 22 storey headquarters of DuBiotech will be one of the largest green buildings on earth at 60,000 square foot when completed in 2009. The 2 connected buildings will house research laboratories and are designed as a representation of DNA migration in an agarose gel as seen during electrophoresis. DuBiotech will be oriented to maximise daylight, minimise solar gain and regulate the internal temperature in what is one of the hottest climates on earth. There will also be a 500,000 square foot nature reserve for the conservation of indigenous species.
Clinton Presidential Library, Little Rock
Clinton Presidential Library: The Clinton Presidential Library and Museum in Little Rock, Arkansas was rated LEED Platinum in November, 2007 after it was reincarnated with bang-up-to-date green features. So what is it about this library that makes it so green? For starters they added a rooftop garden to absorb carbon, reduce rainwater runoff and regulate temperatures. Polsek, the architects who are responsible for the updates, also added increased recycling capabilities, green cleaning (green cleaning chemicals and increased recycled content for paper products), a reduction in the waste through local sourcing and carbon offsetting of all non-renewable energy used. It might have reached the highest level in terms of LEED ratings but we believe they could and should go further by implementing renewable energy production on-site with photovoltaics or wind turbines.
Post from: Geek About
译文:
世界15大绿色环保建筑
如果我们想做些什么来应对全球变暖，那就不仅要改变生存方式，还要改变我们的住所。在当今我们主流建筑设计实践中，就可持续生活而言，还存在着局部疏忽及一系列不足。这种在建筑上缺乏环保意识很明显在很大程度上造成了全球变暖。
显而易见如果我们要认真的对待环境保护问题，那就必须在将来修建绿色建筑，并对已经存在的建筑进行尽可能的绿色改造。下面就是全世界15个正在建设或计划建造的绿色建筑。它们都有一个共同点：可持续性
纽约，One bryant 的美国银行塔。
Bank of America Tower at One Bryant park:当谈到绿色建筑，不能不说要数纽约的美国银行塔最环保了。这座大楼将耗资十亿美金建成，54层1200英尺高，办公面积达210万平方英尺。
Cook+Fox设计的这座大楼可以极大限度地重复使用废水和雨水，有效利用太阳能，且办公区域采用自然光。这座大楼的许多建筑材料都来自于纽约500英里内，可更新、可重复使用，符合可持续性发展的建筑实践意识。因此，它是目前唯一被命名为美国铂金低能量消耗的摩天大楼。
Mumbai,印度塔
India Tower:当印度塔的递呈首次公布时，评论员看到它看起来像一堆没有对齐的盒子而不像是一座经过精心设计的建筑物，因此无不感到惊讶。我知道世界上还有类似的塔建筑，但我仍十分喜欢印度塔，可能仅仅因为它是世界上第二大人口大国的环保意识的象征吧。它将在2010年竣工，共计74层，拥有882，000平方英尺的多层使用空间。塔内的每一旋转区域层都有完全不同的用途，分为住宅区、办公区、零售区、娱乐区等等。它的设计集太阳能罩、自然通风系统、日光照明、雨水回收系统、内部环保装修漆和环保装修材料于一体，使得这座塔建筑成为印度最环保的建筑之一。印度塔已经获得了US LEED Gold 奖提名。
孟买，Residence Antilia
Residence Antilia: 无论你相信与否，这座共计70层，高803英尺的塔将成为一所私人住所，是印度显要人物Mukesh Ambani的财产。帕金斯威尔公司（Perkins+Will)采用传统的风水学方案（Vastu design）已经对其进行了设计，这就意味着当它竣工后，会成为空间最高的生活居所，并且成为孟买中心最大的碳汇。并不是所有的楼层都准备用来居住，一些楼层将专门设计成空中花园。根据风水学哲学（Vastu philosophy)，建筑物的中央柱体将向上呈现一个角度，成为具有启迪意义的象征物。这种设计当然是具有创新意义的，屋顶花园和内部城市农场至少为其增色不少，理所当然会成为看点了。
Burj al-Taqa,UAE
Bufj al-Taqa: 完全是巧合：如果不是一个酋长提议，这个建筑就不会列为具有环保特征和创新结构的建筑。The Burj al-Taqa完全是一座自给自足的办公建筑，将在Dubai,Bahrain和 Riyadh几个地方建造，利用风、太阳和水来产生必需的能量，完全没有辐射污染。由
Gerber Architekten设计的68层“能量塔”（名字翻译）将基于伊朗的风力塔原理安装空调系统，它在调节全塔周围空气之前，先用海水把内部的空气预冷。在1,056英尺高的塔顶安装带一个打蛋形回转轴的200英尺高的风力涡轮机。这个风力涡轮机将配有两个屋顶太阳能阵以及另外一个海面上的漂游阵，从而提高能量产生的能力。当它竣工时，如果真正能成为碳中和塔，这将有助于推动新一代人使用高级环保建筑。
旧金山，市民塔 
San Francisco Civic Tower: 经过很长一段时间的筹划，旧金山市最后给这座12层的市民塔开了绿灯(不是故意用双关语）。此建筑将体现大量的环保设计特征，诸如在建筑物外部和屋顶安装太阳能电池板，在内部安装活地板通风系统，冷冻天花板，用来增加自然光透过到工作间的日光架等设施。为了提高工作人员的生活质量
KMD Architects同样在每一楼层都设计了绿色环保间。市民塔集所有这些特征于一体，将比加州环保法所要求的能量消耗还少20%。难怪它被授予一枚US LEED Silver奖。不可否认，虽然不是最酷的建筑，也堪称楷模。
阿布扎比，Masdar
Masdar: 比起其覆盖面积以及Master Initiative的勃勃雄心，最大的绿色项目，这个特点更突出。
这个占地64,583,462平方英尺的发展项目把环境设计推向了一个全新的水平。该项目委任Forster+Partners设计，是多用途，高密度的新城，承诺零辐射，无废物。Masdar的居民将再也不用从200米以外的公交车站或者私人高速交通车站走回来，考虑到城市免费车，当然这些交通工具在城市是必不可少的。精心设计的风力涡轮定位系统，太阳能阵和种植园意味着Masdar完全可自我持续发展。了不得啊！
西伯利亚 Khanty Mansiysk Tower
Khanty Mansiysk: 这座高917英尺的塔将建在Khanty Mansiysk市内，由Foster+Partners设计，具有居住与办公多种用途于一体的功能，并且能够经得住西伯利亚极冷、极热的恶劣气候。 从提供的透视图中我们可以看到它看起来就像是山头上镶嵌的一颗钻石，这是由于它外表装有小面玻璃的原因，Forster已经利用小面玻璃使之最大限度地透过自然光，尽可能多地从太阳上获取能量，从而在冬天达到保温效果，并尽可能少利用人工照明设备。好了，我们是Foster的崇拜者…但有谁不是呢？
莫斯科，水晶岛
Crystal Island: 好了，我们知道它是Foster设计的又一个工程方案。但它与众不同之处是竣工时，将成为世界上最大的建筑。同样，水晶岛的人口统计数字也是巨大的。似火山形状的上层建筑有1，500英尺高，基底面积有26,909,776平方英尺，里面足以容纳30,000人。正如你对Foster+partners工程所预期的一样，它座落在都市内部、设备齐全、有节能和对环境有利的能量监控系统，这点正是设计方案的核心之处。在建筑物顶部安装的太阳能阵、风力涡轮机连同巨大的中庭一起调节内部空气温度，尤其是在莫斯科酷暑、严寒的气候里。
旧金山，Transbay Tower
Transbay Tower: 作为美国最具标志性的建筑之一，1200英尺高,短剑形状的Transbay Tower是连接Transamerica Building和金门大桥的枢纽。一个新的Transbay公共汽车终点站将用玻璃材料建造，其停车场的屋顶能够吸收公交车里的co2。人们除了将在Transbay Tower顶部安装风力涡轮机外，还配备供应100%新鲜空气的智能通风系统，控制光线和能量需求的日光灯架。在楼层附近装有厚镶板用来驱散多余的太阳热量以及遮阳的天棚。这是一个深思熟虑的环保设计项目，我们尤其喜欢屋顶涡轮机。
CH2，墨尔本
CH2: 座落在墨尔本中心的10层2号办公楼也叫做CH2，因其具有可持续性发展特征的设计和中心能量功效而获联合国建筑奖。建造CH2需耗资5千万澳元，但在赠与墨尔本的公证期间已经分期付款。CH2是澳大利亚第一个旨在获得六颗绿星环保等级证书的办公大楼。它给你留下的印象是能够想象的到一个个隔间：配有热式质量冷却系统，光电池，风力涡轮机，污水再处理系统，冷冻天花板和令人称奇的光电力循环木制天窗挂毯，此挂毯能追随太阳的轨迹，从而能调节室内环境，使其冷暖适宜。墨尔本市希望利用这些环保设施能在10年内捞回本钱，其实对墨尔本更为有利的是它在世界范围内日见显著的名望。下面是有关那儿的一些信息。
悉尼，30The Bond
The 30 Bond: 当房地产开发商和基金管理公司Lead Lease打算把总部移到悉尼时，征询了工作人员的意见并给予他们优先考虑的权利。结果Lend Lease提出了一个设计纲要，旨在把重点放在改善内部环境上，即配备优质的供水管理系统，废物处理设施，低辐射，低污染。30 The Bond 使用冷冻豆制冷，独立操作外部遮帘来控制阳光和热量，建造冬季花园、屋顶花园和抗旱植物来美化环境。凭借这一切，30 The Lease获得了5星ABGR 级别奖（与Gold LEED级别相同）。Lend Lease 说30 The Bond内产生的CO2比其他典型的办公楼产生的CO2要少30％．
迈阿密，Cor
Cor: 若要举出非常美观、有可持续发展的建筑方案的例子，要数Cor了。Cor是一座25层的多用途塔，座落于
Miami's设计区，将耗资25,000000美元，2009年可望竣工。大部分支出将花费在光电板、风力涡轮机、太阳能热水器等创新结构设计上。Cor的外部构局确保结构完整，配备绝缘热式质量器，露台围栏，涡轮机电枢，天然遮蔽，地面休闲凉廊。它独特的外部构架包括20,100平方英尺办公面积，5,400平方英尺零售商面积和113个居住单元。
慕尼黑，BMW Welt
BMW Welt: 慕尼黑的The BMW Welt是德国的工程史上最好的范例之一。占地785,000平方英尺的BMW Welt最突出的特点毫无疑问是它157英尺宽的双圆锥，此双圆锥构成了屋顶（简直恰到好处）。在建筑物的顶部，有一个巨大的光电阵（在德国由Solarwatt制造），至少能产能824WP。设计家在其顶部安装了一个钢制仪表电路系统通过日光吸收给大楼供暖。日光吸收同样有望通过建筑物的外表面来实现。一个汽车制造商投入那么多资金在这样一个建筑项目上，说起来多少有些讽刺意味，但也暗示了BMW如果将此设想用在车上，也是很有希望的。
迪拜,DuBiotech 
DuBiotech: 坐落在充满现代气息迪拜摩天大楼群之中，崭新的、22层高的DuBiotech的总部在2009年竣工，因其具有60，000平方英尺的面积，将成为世界上最大的环保建筑之一。两幢相连的大楼内拥有研究工作实验室，开设展示DNA在琼脂糖胶移动情形的场地，那种现象正如我们在电泳现象中所看到的一样。DuBiotech将致力于最大限度利用日光照明，并且最小限度利用太阳能吸收的设计项目上，进而调节世界上最热气候之一地方的室内温度。那里也将成为拥有500,000平方英尺的保护本土物种的自然保护区。
小石城，克林顿总统图书馆
Clinton presidential Library: 在阿肯色州，小石城，克林顿总统图书馆和博物馆因其先进的、标新立异的绿色特征被赋予了新的意义，2007年11月获LEED铂金等级奖。哪些设施使得这座图书馆具有绿色特征？创建者加了屋顶花园来吸收碳，减少雨水流失并且可以调控温度。
Polsek,一个建筑师，负责项目更新，增加了物质循环利用的能力 ，环保清洁的能力（利用环保清洁化学剂、增加纸制品的循环利用度），他利用当地资源和碳抵消了所有不可再生的能量，减少废物产生。按照LEED等级要求，它也许达到了最高的级别，但我们相信他们有能力同时也应当通过利用光电技术和风力涡轮机实现产生再生能量的效应，从而迈上一个更高的台阶。