有目的的炒作【纽约客】

读者: 6567    发布时间: 2008

原文: Purpose-driven Hype[TNY]

Go-betweens can attract as much attention as the factions they seek to reconcile: see Squanto (Pilgrims and Indians), Jimmy Carter (Egypt and Israel), Tookie Williams (Bloods and Crips), and the producers of the newly revived “Beverly Hills, 90210” (Jennie Garth and Shannen Doherty). The most prominent mediator of late is Pastor Rick Warren, who has wrangled John McCain and Barack Obama for their first joint appearance, to be held on August 16th at Saddleback Church, in Lake Forest, California. This is a coup, Warren acknowledged, speaking by phone the other day from São Paulo, Brazil, but he was circumspect about all the fuss. “I like to leave town when the news is about me,” he said. “Usually when I’m overseas, somebody kills a judge and something happens like the hostage reads my book and turns himself in.” Warren was referring to the fact that in 2005, while he was in Rwanda, a man who had shot three people in an Atlanta courthouse surrendered after taking a captive, who steered him to Warren’s “The Purpose-Driven Life.” (Later, she admitted that she also gave him crystal meth.)

Still, like any party promoter, Warren knows that a successful get-together needs a little hype. Billed as a “Civil Forum on Leadership and Compassion,” the McCain/Obama event will occupy a prime slot: five to seven on a Saturday night. Dominating the church’s Web site is a pop-up ad in the style of an old-timey woodcut poster, the type you might see announcing a Willie Nelson stand at the Ryman. McCain and Obama face off in three-quarter profile, as if tuning up for a battle of the bands. Warren plans to introduce the presumptive nominees together and then to interview each for an hour. He determined who will go first—Obama—with a coin toss.

The idea for the summit goes back to April, when Messiah College, in Grantham, Pennsylvania, invited the Presidential candidates to campus for a discussion of moral issues. Obama and Hillary Clinton showed up. McCain bagged it. “Along about June, they asked, ‘Would you be interested in helping to host a second forum?’ ” Warren recalled. “Over the next month, it became clear that there was a stalemate between the campaigns. It was pretty much dead in the water.” Warren, who doesn’t make endorsements, called McCain and Obama—“good friends,” both—on their cell phones. “I just went straight to the principals,” he said.

Warren will be the evening’s sole interlocutor. His style as a moderator seems less akin to the pointed tactics of George Stephanopoulos (“Do you think Reverend Wright loves America as much as you do?”) or the pin-down technique of the late Tim Russert (“What can you tell me about the man who’s going to be Mr. Putin’s successor?”) than to the Socratic approach that the ladies on “The View” employed with Michelle Obama (“You’re not wearing panty hose?”). “These commentators pounce on every misstatement, every partial statement,” Warren said. Under his questioning, the candidates will enjoy a “ten-per-cent grace factor.” No stumpers. Warren said, “I always think, Aw, he didn’t mean that.”

Warren, who favors Hawaiian shirts over suits, wants “to sit down and do the sort of David Frost or the Charlie Rose interview,” and he gave a preview of some of the topics he might broach. “In most debates, ninety-five per cent of the questions have had to do with hot-button political issues—it’s the war, it’s oil, it’s the border, it’s health care,” he said, and explained that he finds these lines of inquiry “really quite short-term.” He offered some alternatives. Q.: “Are you a leader or a manager?” Q.: “Tell me the most difficult decision you’ve ever had to make.” Think Human Resources.

With Web pundits—the bookies of the political game—referring to the matchup as “The Rumble Before the Humble,” it seemed like a good time to get Don King on the line. King, an enthusiastic supporter of President Bush, wouldn’t say which candidate he’s backing, but he offered a potential slogan for the showdown: “Remember Iowa!” (inspired, he said, by “Remember the Alamo”). Were King in charge, he’d fire up the public with a sort of historical-highlight reel: “I would remind them that when the water was over the portholes and John Paul Jones’s ship was sinking, the British commanders yelled across the bow, ‘Do you surrender?’ and John Paul Jones retorted, ‘I have not yet begun to fight!’ Then I would take them to a town-hall meeting, where freedom echoed out through the chambers: ‘Give me liberty or give me death.’ Now you’re getting like one fighter jumping on the other fighter and calling him out. You’re calling out the heritage of this nation.” He went on, “What you are selling is America. You’ve got excitement beyond belief.” 

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译文: 有目的的炒作【纽约客】

      调停者总是能吸引人们的目光,因为他们能让双方达成共识:比如斯哥托[1](他沟通了清教徒和印第安人)、吉米·卡特(他沟通了埃及人和以色列人)、图奇·威廉姆斯(他沟通了布拉德人和克里普斯人),还有最近重拍的肥皂剧《飞跃比弗利Beverly Hills, 90210》的制片人(他沟通了詹妮·加斯和香侬·道荷堤[2])。离我们最近的一个突出的例子,是里克·沃伦牧师,他曾和约翰·麦凯恩和巴拉克·奥巴马斗过嘴,吵的就是他们将于8月16日在加州森林湖市的马鞍峰教会的那次碰面。过了几天,他从巴西圣保罗打电话的时候,说这是一场政变,但他也知晓一切关于这件事的动向。他说:“当有关于我的新闻的时候,我就会离开市里。我一出国,就会有人杀了法官,然后有个人质读了我的书,凶手就去自首了。”沃伦说的是2005年,当他在卢旺达的时候,亚特兰大有个男子在法庭上射杀了三个人,可就在他俘获的人质推荐他读了沃伦的书《标竿人生The Purpose-Driven Life》之后,他就向警察投降了。(后来,那个人质承认她还给了该男子冰毒。)

      然而,就像任何一个派对组织者一样,沃伦知道,一场成功的聚会,总得有点儿刺激才行。打着“关注领导力和同情心的民间论坛”的旗号,麦凯恩和奥巴马的这次活动将会占据黄金档:周六晚5到7点。占据该教堂网站首页的,是一个怀旧木版印刷风格的弹出式广告,就像在Ryman百货店挂着,标着威利·内尔森的唱片到货的那种。麦凯恩和奥巴马在三季度的统计中势均力敌,两人都卯足了劲儿。沃伦计划着把他们两个请到一起,然后分别跟他们谈一个小时。他抛了一次硬币——用来决定先见哪个——结果是奥巴马。

      这场峰会的念头始于4月份,当时宾州格兰瑟姆的耶稣基督学院把总统候选人们请去,讨论了一些道德上的话题。奥巴马和希拉里·克林顿都出席了,麦凯恩没去。“到6月的时候,他们问我,‘你有兴趣再办一次论坛吗?’”沃伦回忆说。“又过了一个月,大家都看出来,选情进入了僵局,谁都没什么优势可言。”从不偏袒谁的沃伦把“两个好朋友”麦凯恩和奥巴马都叫了来——打他们手机叫的。“我就是直接跟他们说的,”他说。

      沃伦会成为当晚唯一的访谈人。作为一个调停者,他的风格不像乔治-斯蒂芬那普勒斯那样咄咄逼人(“你觉得你有赖特牧师那么爱美国吗?”),也不像蒂姆·鲁塞特那样刨根问底(“你能跟我讲一下谁会是普京的继任者吗?”),更不像《视点The view》节目的女主持采访米歇尔·奥巴马[3]时,用的那种苏格拉底式的提问方法[4]。“这些记者会抓住每一个口误或者片面的说法不放,”沃伦说。在他的提问下,总统候选人们会享受到一种“10%的风度”。绝对没有刁钻的问题,沃伦保证。“我总会想,啊,他说的肯定不是那个意思。”

      沃伦喜欢穿夏威夷风格的衬衫,而不喜欢穿正装,他想“坐下来,进行一番戴维·弗罗斯特式,或者查理·罗斯式的访谈”,他还提前说了几个他可能涉及的话题。“在大多数的辩论中,95%的问题都和热点问题相关——战争、石油、边界问题、医疗,”他说,他发现这些问题“太短视了”。他会问这些:“你是一位领导者,还是一位管理者?”“说一下你所做过的最艰难的决定吧。”就像是在招聘职员一样。

      在网络专家们看来(他们是政治游戏的主宰者),这场会面不过是“服输前的最后叫嚣”,似乎该是把唐·金[5]叫到台前的时候了。他是布什的铁杆支持者,还不知道他挺哪个候选人,但他给最后的胜者一句话:“记住爱荷华!”(这句是杜撰的,实际上他说的是“记住阿拉莫![6]”)金要是管事的话,他肯定会用一串历史精华集锦来鼓动大众:“我会提醒他们,当海水没过舷窗,约翰·保罗·琼斯[7]的船正在下沉时,英国指挥官在船头叫喊着:‘你投降吗?’约翰·保罗·琼斯反驳说:‘我还没开始还击呢!’我会把他们带到市政厅的集会上,让他们听听响彻屋内的呼声:‘自由,或者死亡。’现在,你们就像是一位拳手在向另一位拳手挑战。你们正在呼唤这个国家的传统。”他继续说:“你们正在呼唤的,是美国。你们有着超越信仰的激情。”

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