健康的标准azo,
自从亚健康的概念出现后，相当多的人都认为自己处于亚健康状态，甚至有些草木皆兵。亚健康的确有一些明确的标准，但也有一些模糊的地方，因为亚健康是处于健康与不健康之间。如果按亚健康的一些标准，当然有相当多的人在一生的一些时候是亚健康，正如所有人在一生的某些时候都会患病一样。azo,
所以，要理解亚健康，首先就要理解世界卫生组织提出的健康的定义和标准。azo,
世界卫生组织对健康的定义是：健康是身体上、精神上和社会适应上的完好状态，而不仅仅是没有疾病和虚弱。当然，这只是一个总括的概念和标准，还需要更具体的解释和量化的标准。所以，世界卫生组织又重新和陆续提出了衡量健康的一些具体标志，包括：azo,
1、精力充沛，能从容不迫地应付日常生活和工作；azo,
2、处事乐观，态度积极，乐于承担任务不挑剔：azo,
3、善于休息，睡眠良好；azo,
4、应变能力强，能适应各种环境的变化；azo,
5、对一般感冒和传染病有一定抵抗力；azo,
6、体重适当，体态匀称，头、臂、臀比例协调：azo,
7、眼睛明亮，反应敏锐，眼睑不发炎；azo,
8、牙齿清洁，无缺损，无疼痛，牙龈颜色正常，无出血；azo,
9、头发光洁，无头屑；azo,
10、肌肉、皮肤富弹性，走路轻松。azo,
当然，这些标准也有抽象的地方，但已经比较明确地解释了一个正常人的健康和健康状态是什么。azo,
亚健康的概念、标准和表现azo,
有了上面的健康标准，亚健康就有了参照物。亚健康是介于健康与疾病之间的一种动态变化的中间状态，即健康一亚健康一疾病。亚健康既与上面的健康状态之间有重叠交叉状态，又与下面的疾病之间存在重叠交叉，因此，亚健康既可以向健康的好的方向发展，又可以向不健康的坏的方向发展。这种发展变化是双向的。azo,
每个人在生活中都有许多说不明道不清的身体或精神上的不舒服，这种似病非病的状态就是亚健康。例如，31岁的李光明最近出现了注意力难以集中、精神不振、多梦、疲劳、情绪不稳定、用脑后疲劳、缺乏耐心等症状，妻子催他去医院看看，他说没事，没有生病，干嘛去医院?azo,
不久后，才29岁的妻子也发现自己记忆力减退，并莫名其妙地对自己的健康担心、困倦、烦躁，活动后疲劳、健忘、虚弱，易激动、失眠。其实，这些表现都说明，他们夫妻二人有不同程度的亚健康。azo,
而且亚健康还有其他一些常见表现，例如，易感冒、嗜睡、四肢乏力、不愉快感、头晕、目眩、抑郁、头痛、腰膝酸痛、脱发。同时还有，胃肠胀气、筋疲力尽感、消化不良、便秘、性功能减退、面部褐斑等。azo,
但是，男性和女性的亚健康表现略有不同。男性的亚健康表现前15项分别为：记忆力减退、对自己的健康担心、注意力难集中、精神不振、疲劳、耐力下降、用脑后疲劳、多梦、困倦、情绪不稳定、健忘、虚弱、烦躁、活动后疲劳、易激动。azo,
而女性亚健康的前15项表现分别为：记忆力减退、多梦、对自己的健康担心、疲劳、情绪不稳定、注意力难集中、烦躁、精神不振、活动后疲劳、困倦、健忘、用脑后疲劳、易激动、虚弱、耐力下降。azo,
什么原因引起亚健康?azo,
引起亚健康的原因是多方面的，既有个人生活方式，又有工作因素，还有不良生活事件等。azo,
从生活方式来看，有吸烟(72.80%)、作息不规律(70.09%)、饮食不节(60.81%)、嗜酒(58.59%)、缺乏运动(55.00%)等，括号中的百分比是指这一因素对造成亚健康所要负的责任大小。azo,
从工作因素来看，有精神压力大(61.76%)、脑力劳动过重(47.31%)、人际关系紧张(36.79%)、体力劳动过重(32.97%)、工作不顺利(30.08%)、待业(下岗)(26.30%)、工作单调(22.27%)、工作中求胜心切(17.86%)等。azo,
从不良生活事件来看，有突发性伤害或自然伤害(62.25%)、家庭负担过重(50.66%)、丧偶(50.33%)、失恋(45.29%)、夫妻不和(42.58%)、夫妻感情破裂(40.49%)、离婚(38.69%)、婚外恋(30.36%)、父(母)子(女)不和(26.49%)，考试落榜(26.24%)。azo,
如何判断自己是否有亚健康?azo,
下面是一些问题，如果你的得分总数超过40分，就要好好考虑一下自己的生活状况，加强锻炼和营养搭配等；如果总分超过70分，要去医院检查有无疾病，然后再采取治病或休息的措施。azo,
(1)情绪经常有些抑郁，会对着窗外发呆。3分azo,
(2)早上起床时，发现枕上常有掉落的头发丝。5分azo,
(3)害怕走进办公室，觉得工作令人厌倦。5分azo,
(4)工作效率下降，上司已开始对你不满。5分azo,
(5)昨天的事情，今天怎么也记不起来了。而且近来这种情况常发生。10分azo,
(6)不想面对周围认识的人，有自闭趋势。5分azo,
(7)每餐食量很少，排除天气、口味因素，吃饭时仍经常觉得味同嚼蜡。5分azo,
(8)工作一小时后，就觉得身体倦怠，胸闷气短。10分azo,
(9)盼望早早离开办公室，为的是能够回家躺到床上休息片刻。5分azo,
(10)工作情绪始终无法提高，无名的火气很大，但又没有精力发作。5分azo,
(11)不再像以前一样热衷于朋友的聚会，有种强打精神勉强应酬的感觉。2分azo,
(12)对城市的污染、噪音非常敏感，比常人更渴望清幽、宁静的山水，休息身心。5分azo,
(13)晚上经常睡不着，即使睡着了，睡眠质量也很糟糕，多梦，易醒。10分azo,
(14)性能力下降。10分azo,
(15)体重有明显下降的趋势。早上起来会发现眼眶深陷，下巴突出。10分azo,
(16)感觉免疫力在下降，容易感冒。5分azo,
如何应对亚健康?azo,
针对生活方式，应当戒烟、适当戒酒、注意饮食和生活规律、坚持适度运动。针对工作因素，应当适时调节自己的工作节奏，避免脑力劳动或体力劳动过重，培养对工作的兴趣，对下岗有积极的看法，并积极通过个人和亲朋好友的力量再就业。针对生活事件，要维持良好的家庭关系、正确认识和对待各种突发事情件，例如积极对待和解决丧偶、失恋、家庭负担过重等问题，必要时可以咨询心理医生。
(王 平)
译文:
New standards of health and subhealth
Standards of health
Since the concept of subhealth has been issued, quite a number of people consider themselves as being subhealthy,even some be on alert. Certainly, there are some explicit standards of subhealth,but some ambiguity of it is also inevitable, because subhealth is between health and ill-health. Howewver, it’s no doubt that there are many people being subhealth during some periods in their lives according to some standards of subhealth, which is the same as nobody can avoid being ill.
Therefore, it’s essential to understand the definition and standards of subhealth put forward by World Health Organization at first so that to understand subhealth correctly.
Definition of health by World Health Organization : A state of complete physical,mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Indeed, this is just a general concept and standard, and more specific explanation and quantitaitve standards are needed. So again, World Health Organization come up with some concrete standards for weighing healthy condition, including :
1. Be energetic,and can deal with daily life and work easily;
2. Be optimistic in everything, have positve attitude, and be willing to take responsibility without nitpicking;
3. Be good at having a rest, and sleep well;
4. Have high ability of flexibility, and can adapt to a variety of changing environment;
5. To some extent, be resistent to general flu and infectious diseases;
6. Maintain a healthy weight, keep in perfect posture, and the scale of head,arm and hip is proportional;
7. Have sparkling eyes, acute reaction, no inflammation of eyelid.
8. Teeth are clean without vitia and ache, and the color of the gum is up to snuff without bleeding.
9. Hair is clean and shiny without scurf.
10. muscle and skin are elastic, and walk easily.
Of course, there are something abstract of these standards. But it has been explained definitely that what is health and state of health of a normal person.
Concept, standard and manifestation of subhealth
With the upper standards of health, there are reference objects of subhealth. Subhealth is a kind of the mediacy of desertification dynamics which is between health and ilness, namely, health-subhealth-illness. Subhealth not only overlap with health before, but with illness behind. As a result, subhealth can be directed to health and the good as well as to ill-health and the bad. This kind of development and change is bidirectional.
Everybody may have many chances to fell unwell, physically or mentally, which are unexplainable. And that when you fell you are ill, but it’s not true is the state of subhealth. For example, Li guang ming, 31 years old, found that it’s hard for him to concentrate, and he felt dispirited and fatigue, beame exhausted after cerebration, dreamed a lot, was in unstable emotion, lacked patience. His wife urged him to see a doctor, but he said:” That was OK!, Now that I wasn’t ill, why should I go to hospital?”
Before long, his wife, only 29 years old, also found that she could remember things worse and worse, worried about the health of herself without rhyme and reason, felt sleepy and fidgeted, and weared, forgetful, fragile after movement, she was even irritable and insomnia. In fact, the manifestations of the couple were the sign that they were both subhealthy in varying degree.
In addition, there are other common manifestations of the subhealth, such as, it’s easy to catch a cold, one may feel sleepy, weak in limbs, unhappy, dizzy, dazzled, depreesed, headachy, and have backache and gonalgia, even lose hairs. Besides, it also includes flatulence, feeling of exhaustion, indigestion, constipation, hypofunction of sex, and foxiness on face, etc.
However, the manifestations of subhealth between male and female are a little different. The top15 items of the male’s are: deterioration of the memory, worry about the health of himself, difficulty of concentration, dispiritedness, fatigue, decline of stamina, tiredness after cerebration, dreaminess, oscitancy, emotional instability, forgettery, fragility, fidgets, weariness after movement, and temperament.
And the top 15 items of the female’s are: deterioration of the memory, dreaminess, worry about the health of herself, fatigue, emotional instability, difficulty of concentration, fidgets, dispiritedness, weariness after movement, oscitancy, forgettery, tiredness after cerebration, temperament, fragility and decline of stamina.
What’s the reasons that induce the subhealth of somebody?
The reasons are various, which relate to personal lifestyle, work, and some bad incidents in life, ect.
In terms of the lifestyle, the factors include smoking(72.80%), irregularity of the work and rest (70.09%), diet without temperance (60.81%), alcoholism (58.59%), lack of sport (55.00%), ect. The percentage in brackets indicate the responsibility for the effect induced by each factor.
With regard to work, there are high psychological stress (61.76%), overweight brainwork (47.31%), intense relationship (36.76%), going badly (30.08%), job-waiting(being laid-off) (26.30%), monotony of job (22.27%), being competitive in work (17.86%), etc.
As for bad incidents in life, they cover abrupt hurt or natural hurt (62.25%), overburden of family (50.66%), death of spouse (50.33%), losing one’s love (42.58%), discord in the spousal relationship (42.58%), incompatibility of spousal relationship (40.49%), divorce(38.69%), extramarital affair (30.36%), discord in the parents and children relationship (26.49%), failure in examination (26.24%).
How to know whether you are subhealthy?
There some questions below to help you, if your total point is over 40, you should think carefully about you living behavior, then take more exercise and pay attention to the balance of nutrition; if over 70, it’s necessary to have a check-up, and take a measure of treatment or rest.
1.Often be in the blues to a degree, and daze over windows. 3 points
2.Find there are several hairs on the pillow when you get up in morning. 5 points
3.Be afraid of entering the office, and feel the job boring. 5 points
4.The efficiency of your work is declining,and the boss has become dissatisfied with your performance. 5 points
5.Can not remember the thing just happened yesterday. Recently, this case is frequent. 10 points
6.Don’t want to have aquaintance with the people around, you tend to live in seclusion. 5 points
7.Eat a little each meal, always feel insipid excluding factors of weather and personal taste. 5 points
8.Have manifestation of burnout, chest distress and Dyspnea after one-hour work. 10 points
9.Hope to leave office early for having a rest on bed at home. 5 points
10.Don’t have more enthusiasm in work all the time, get mad without reason, but be too fragile to vent out. 5 points
11.Don’t be high on get-together any more, and feel reluctant to cope with that. 2 points
12.Be very sensitive to pollution and noise of urban, and be more eager for quietness, and serene landscape with physical and mental relaxation. 5 points
13.Often can’t fall into sleep at night, even if can, never sleep well and be dreamy or alert. 5 points
14.Decrease in sexual function. 10 points
15.Be in a tendency of the obvious weight loss. Find your eyepit deep and jaw standing out. 10 points
16.Decrease in immunity and be liable to catch a cold. 5 points
How to deal with subhealth?
As for lifestyle, it’s essential to stop smoking, have proper temperance, pay attention to keep to the regular of diet and ife and persist in moderate sport. As for work, to alternate tasks in due time, avoid overweight brainwork and labor, cultivate the interest in the job, have positive attitude toward the laid-off, and strive for reemployment with efforts made by oneself and help from friends and relatives. And as for incidents in life, to maintain harmonious family relationships, and deal with a variety of emergencies with right attitude and in decent manner , for instance, be optimistic to look at and handle the problems of spouse’s death, disappointment in love and overburden of family. Furthermore, to consult a shrink if necessary.
(Wang ping)