曾用于宗教的药物和酒

读者: 302    发布时间: 08-12

原文: Inside the World of Religious Drug And Alcohol Use

Drug use throughout our history has developed from a intensely sacred and religious practice, to a intensely secular and recreational one. The origins of many controlled substances is with Shamans and Buddhists, with native cultures and ancient civilizations. Many of these traditions have been all but lost, yet they exist still in records and stories. Others are still alive and flourishing, with the drugs uses and use being celebrated and giggled at.

Hindu Gurus

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Cannabis has been used by Hindu Gurus since as early as 1500 BCE. The use of the drug is in worship of the god Shiva, also known as the supreme god. Not a bad way to worship your god as you're digging your way through a bag of crunchy Cheetos. The smoking of the drug is said to cleanse sins, unite one with Shiva, and avoid the miseries of hell and the after-life.

Mazatec Shamans

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Salvia divinorum, also known as the Sage of the Seers, is an herb used around Oaxaca, Mexico by shamans. These shamans take the herb in tea form, crushing the plant and infusing it with hot water. It's used for religious healing ceremonies and provides the user with a psychedelic experience that can include uncontrollable laughter, becoming objects, and feelings of motion.

Amazonian Indians

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Ayahuasca is an infusion of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine found in the Amazon, and prepared typically as tea drink. The drug is used for religious ceremonies, as well as to cure diseases and addictions. Taking the drug results is serious hallucinations, as well as copious amounts of vomiting and diarrhea. Maybe thats why its used to cleanse the body of worms.

Russian Shamans

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Amanita muscaria, also known as the Flying Agaric, is a hallucinogenic mushroom used in Siberia by shamans. Typically, the shaman would take the mushrooms, and his followers would then drink the shaman's urine to also feel the effects. The purpose of the drug was to acheive a trance-state, and hopefully not as an excuse to drink someone else's piss. Typically side effects include twitching, seizures, and potentially comas.

Middle Eastern Sufis

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Cannabis has been used by some sects Islam for centuries - although some Orthodox Muslims claim the drug is and intoxicant, and therefore haraam (forbidden). But, within the Sufi religious order the use is encouraged, claiming that the drug is not an intoxicant, but allows the user to achieve a higher state of awareness. That and a more talkative and animated couple of hours.

North American Indians

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Peyote is a small cactus used by American Indians to trigger periods of deep insight and introspection. As well, the drug is used to treat everything from toothaches to breast pain, as well as child birth. Lets just hope a six year old doesn't complain of a toothache, or he's in for a 10 to 12 hour ride of his life. Peyote is only legal for "bonafide religious ceremonies", but its legal to generally possess in some states.

Central Americans

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Damiana is an herb that is both smoked and brewed into tea, its affects are said to be more mild than cannabis. Its uses are to promote a deep sense of relaxation, as well as create lucid dreams for the user. The medicinal benefits of the drug are in treating everything from constipation to coughs to depression. The tea is also brewed and used as an aphrodisiac in Central and South America.

Aztecs

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LSA, also known as Morning Glory Seed, was eaten by the Aztecs as a sacrament to their higher power. Eating the seeds led to a tired, dreamy state, with an inability to maintain clear thoughts. The seeds also caused hallucinations, which could explain why the Aztecs decided to butcher 84,000 of their people in four days in the name of the reconstruction of a temple.

Hawaiians

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Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds are consumed to produce a psychedelic effect that leads to visions, cramping, and nausea. The drug was taken by indigenous Hawaiians in connection with worship and festivities. The drug lasts between 4 and 14 hours and can be easily cultivated, as it is essentially a weed.

Chinese Confuscists

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Opium has been smoked in China for centuries, and the practice still continues among the elderly. The cultivation of opium was originally intended for Chinese ritual use, as well as medicinal purposes. The effects of opium are everything from relief from pain to a sense of well being. The drug has been prohibited and reintroduced to China many times, it is now a controlled substance with varying forms being used for pain relief.

Thai Buddhists

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Kratom is said to produce a sense of well-being, with users reporting anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, analgesic, and even euphorigenic effects. The drug is used as both a depressant and a stimulant, and is typically chewed by the user continuously. Buddhist monks chew the drug consistently while in meditation to achieve a sense of heightened awareness and euphoria.

Ancient Greeks

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Entheogen was used by oracles in ancient Greece to induce a state of revelation. The drug was typically drank in the form of Kykeon, a drink that was fermented from barley, herbs, and ground goat cheese. Apparently the oracle of Delphi made her prophisies while drinking Kykeon, which could explain why the ancient Greeks had so many issues. It's also said that it was a common drink in ancient Greece, which might explain their creativity, and their downfall.

Iranian Muslims

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Khat leaves are often chewed by Muslims, they induce a sense of euphoria and excitement to the user. The drug has essentially the same strength and effect as modern day ecstasy, its religious uses were to induce a sense of euphoria while in prayer.

Rastafarians

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Members of the Rastafari movement use cannabis in connection with worshiping God, studying the Bible, and Meditation. Rastafarian's see cannabis as spiritually beneficial, specifically referring to it as the "Tree of Life" discussed in the Bible. The plant is also an integral part of the "reasoning sessions" it's members participate in to discuss life and achieve a higher sense of understanding of the world around them.

Protestants/Catholics

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Alcohol, and specifically wine, are still used in modern day Christian and Catholic ceremonies, taken as a sacrament during worship. Roman Catholic's believe that during the mass, the wine becomes Jesus Christ's blood, and is drank as such. Although Christians don't believe the same, they still drink the wine as part of the ceremony they participate in, to promote community and celebrate God.

译文: 曾用于宗教的药物和酒

随着历史发展,药物渐渐脱离了神圣的宗教,而变成日常娱乐用品。僧人和和尚控制着许多成分,并将它们与当地文化和古文明紧密联系。许多传统配方消失了,存在于传说和记录中。而有些则留存下来,并继续活跃着,用于庆典和取乐。

印度宗教

早在公元前1500年,印度宗教就是用大麻来祭奠最高神湿婆。感觉就像边吃脆脆的奇多边跟上帝谈话,唔,这可真不错。大麻烟据说能洗净罪孽,联系湿婆,并免去堕入地狱之苦和来生的辛苦。

 

马萨特克僧人

鼠尾草,也被称做预言的圣者,墨西哥瓦哈卡的僧人将它磨碎,用热水冲泡成茶。用于宗教治疗和使食用者产生幻觉,会失控大笑、变得好强和好动。

 

亚马逊印第安人

死藤水是亚马逊的一种皮卡藤浸液(Banisteriopsis caapi vine ),常做成茶。它用于宗教仪式,治疗疾病和上瘾。喝下这种茶会导致严重的幻觉、呕吐和腹泻。也许这是用它来治疗寄生虫的原因。(原文Maybe thats why its used to cleanse the body of worms,或者是用来给虫子催吐,好把虫子弄干净吃掉囧?)

 

俄国僧人

毒蝇伞,也称Flying Agaric,是一种西伯利亚僧人常用的致幻蘑菇。僧人通常吃下蘑菇,然后把尿液分给教众以便大家一起出现幻觉。重复,蘑菇的用处是产生幻觉,而不是让人喝尿的借口(不能煮成蘑菇汤一起喝么囧)。通常副作用包括抽搐、牙关紧闭和昏厥。

 

中东苏菲派

苏菲派某些教派会食用大麻,尽管一些正派穆斯林宣称它是麻醉品,是受限制的。但苏菲派教义确实鼓励使用大麻的,认为它不是麻醉剂,而会使人更加清醒。清醒到那人可以喋喋不休并活蹦乱跳好几个小时…… 

 

北美印第安人

Peyote仙人掌是一种小型仙人掌,美国印第安人通常用来自省和顿悟。也可治疗从牙痛到胸痛的各种疼痛,包括分娩痛。让我们期待一个六岁孩子不再牙痛的世界吧~只有用于善意的宗教仪式是合法的,不过在某些州拥有它也是合法的。

 

中美洲

达米阿那是一种草药,经过烟熏和碾磨制成茶,效果据说比大麻温和。可以令人放松,减少梦。可以用于治疗从便秘到咳嗽到抑郁的各种问题。在中美和南美,它制成的茶也是壮阳药。(绿色天然产品囧……)

 

阿芝台克

LSA,或者叫做牵牛花种子,阿芝台克人相信它是增强力量的圣物。食用后会导致疲倦、多梦,无法保持清晰的思路。也会导致幻觉,这可以解释为什么阿芝台克人以重修寺庙的名义在4天内屠杀了84000个族人。

 

夏威夷

Hawaiian Baby Woodrose(夏威夷宝宝木玫瑰囧?)种子被认为能够产生幻觉、痉挛和呕吐。夏威夷土著食用它以祭奠神,或用于庆典。效果能持续4到14小时,并且易于种植,因为它本是野草。

 

中国

鸦片在中国存在了几个世纪,现在依然有老人在吸食。一开始,开发鸦片是为了宗教和医学目的。鸦片的疗效包括止痛和产生愉快感觉等等。它被禁,被引入,被禁,再被引入……这样好几次。现在作为受控品以多种形态存在止痛药中。

 

泰国和尚

卡痛叶被认为能令人感觉健康,食用者说它还能减轻抑郁、焦虑和止痛,甚至能令人愉快。它被当作镇定剂和兴奋剂,人们会不停地咀嚼它以获得效果。和尚常在冥想中嚼它,以保持清醒和愉快。

 

古希腊

Entheogen,古希腊贤者用它来协助预言。通常和大麦、草药和羊奶酪一起发酵制成叫做Kykeon的饮料。很明显特尔斐的贤者在预言前喝了这个饮料,这就能解释为什么古希腊人那么好战。也有说法认为这只是一种普通的饮料,这能解释古希腊的创造力和衰亡。

 

伊朗穆斯林

阿拉伯茶叶,穆斯林人常嚼它,它会产生愉快感和使人兴奋。它与现代兴奋剂的效用和强度几乎一样,在仪式中用被用来提高祈祷者的幸福感。

 

塔法里教

塔法里教教众用大麻来缩短与上帝间的距离,这可从圣经和沉思录看出。塔法里教认为大麻对精神有好处,尤其在圣经中称之为“生命之树”。在“思考环节”中它也很重要,教众一起讨论人生,增进对身边世界的理解。

 

基督教/天主教

酒精,和特定的酒,依然用于现代基督教和天主教仪式,被认为是圣物。罗马天主教相信在弥撒中,酒变成耶稣的血液,然后被教众分饮。尽管基督教不这么认为,他们在仪式中也饮酒,以促进团结和赞美上帝。