Rule No. 1 when you're hiking in bear country: make noise. Most bear attacks occur when hikers stumble upon and surprise a bear, often a mother and her cubs. Don't think they'll be easy to spot; even huge grizzlies can conceal themselves in the brush or the high grass of meadows.
If you see a bear, fight the urge to run. Repeat after me: You can't outrun a bear. Bears can sprint for short distances at speeds up to 35 mph! And don't assume you can escape by climbing a tree. That only works if you have enough time to climb at least 30 feet high. Black bears are good climbers and grizzlies can climb at least partway up a tree. And if you're near water, e.g., a lake or river, don't get in the water and try to swim away from the bear. They can swim.
OFFER SOOTHING WORDS
What you need to do is stay calm and slowly begin backing away. If you are downwind and the bear hasn't seen you, try to make as little noise as possible as you slowly backtrack. If the bear sees you, however, you also should start talking to the bear in a calm, firm voice. That will allow him or her to identify you as a human. And try not to stare into the bear's eyes. The bear may interpret direct eye contact as aggressive behavior; it's better to avert your eyes and turn your head to the side, a more submissive pose. As you move away, it's not a bad idea to stay upwind of the bear, if possible — you want him to know you're a human.
If you're in a group, stay together. You'll look larger and that could keep the bear from charging.
Often bears will bluff a charge, meaning they will rush toward you and then stop in close proximity to your position. It's a warning to back off. Heed the warning. Back off. Slowly. But should the worst happen and the bear attacks, reach for your bear pepper spray. If you carry bear pepper spray, make sure it is easy to reach — it won't do you much good in your backpack, so keep it close to your hands.
DUCK AND COVER
Sometimes just the sound of the spray discharge will stop a charging bear. But if the bear keeps coming, as a last resort, drop to the ground and play dead. Either lie on your stomach with your hands protecting your neck, or lie on your side in a fetal position with your legs and head tucked into your chest. And keep your backpack on. It can serve as a shield. Basically, you want to protect your soft tissue and organs to the best of your ability against a large animal that is built to maul.
Finally, don't move or get up until you're certain the bear has moved a distance away. There's a story of one hiker who made the mistake of reaching for his bear spray while the animal was nearby, an action that provoked another attack.
One last bit of advice if you plan to camp in bear country. Most people know to keep their food either in the trunk of their vehicles or in an approved bearproof container. Many campsites, even in the backcountry of some national parks, have bearproof storage lockers or bear poles. If unavailable, hang a "bear bag" at least 200 feet from your campsite. A bear bag is a stuff sack loaded with your provisions, cooking gear and the clothing that you wore while cooking, which you suspend from a sturdy tree branch at least 10 feet above the ground and 5 to 8 feet from the tree trunk. Make sure you store your cooking clothes in the bear bag, because sleeping in the same clothes you cooked in is like yelling, "Come and get it!"
译文:
惊魂全记录：遭遇森林杀手
求生守则第一条，在熊出没的区域：制造噪音，大部份的熊会攻击人类都是因为被鬼鬼祟祟的人吓到，而且通常是发生在带着小熊的母熊身上，别以为熊的体型那么大，所以你一定能注意到，即使是像美洲大灰熊这种庞然大物，都可以完全隐身在灌木丛或较高的草堆里面。
与熊正面相遇时，请不要拔腿就跑，你要牢记：你不可能跑赢熊。熊的爆发力惊人，短程的话可以达到时速 35 英里。另外，也别以为爬到树上就可以逃过一劫，除非您有足够的时间可以爬到30英尺高的地方，黑熊可是爬树高手，灰熊至少也能爬到树的中段。如果是在湖边或者河边，不要跳入水里想以游泳脱身，熊也会游泳。
来点振奋人心的消息
您要做的是冷静下来，慢慢地退后，如果你是顺风，而且熊也没有看到你，尽可能不要发出声音，慢慢撤退。如果熊已经看到你了，可以冷静、镇定地跟熊说话，让它们认出你是人类，而且不要瞪着它们的眼睛看，熊会把这种直接的眼神交会视为挑衅，最好是回头避开它的眼睛，放低姿态，离开的路线最好还是保持在逆风处，要让熊知道你是人类。
如果你们是一个团队，那么一定要聚集在一起，不要分散。这样你们看起来会更加强大，防止熊的突然进攻。
通常熊会假装进攻，就是说它们会突然朝你跑去然后在非常接近你的位置停下来。这是后退的警告。一定要留意这些警告信号，慢慢地后退。但是如果最糟的情况发生，熊向你进攻，那快点拿出你的黑熊胡椒喷雾。如果你随身携带了这种喷雾，一定要确保将它放在容易拿到的地方-放在包里是没有用的，最好把它放在随手可以拿到的地方。
躲避和防护
有时候就是这种喷雾喷出的声音就会阻止熊对你的进攻。可是如果熊继续朝你跑来，那么使用最后一招，跌倒在地装死。用你的手保护好你的脖子，蜷躺在胃的部位。或者像胎儿的姿势侧躺，腿和头部蜷缩在胸部。将你的包保持打开状态，这样可以起到一点防护的作用。关键是，你要设法保护你的软组织和器官，以防熊对你粗手粗脚地摆弄。
最后，在你确定熊已经走远之前，千万不要动。曾经有一个故事讲述的就是一个步行者在熊离他很近的情况下，去拿他的胡椒喷雾，这个动作引起熊对他的再次袭击。
假使你计划去有熊出没的地方露营，这里还有最后的一点建议。大多数人知道要将食物保存在汽车的后箱里或者放在熊无法打开的容器里。许多野营地，甚至在国家公园的僻静地带，都有可以抵挡熊进攻的储藏柜或者杆子。如果没有找到，就挂一个熊袋，至少离你的野营地要200英尺的距离。熊袋里面可以塞满你需要的东西，比如烹饪装置和做饭时需要的围裙。一定要把熊袋挂在结实的树干上，距离地面至少10英尺，距离树干5-8英尺。一定要将做饭的围裙放在熊袋里，因为穿着做饭的围裙睡觉就好比你在大喊，“饭已经做好了，快来吃吧!”